Search results for "Negativity"

Brain Research Reveals Automatic Musical Memory Functions in Children

2009

Even though music has special meanings and values compared to other sounds, it is nonetheless processed in the brain via partly the same neural networks that are built to process all kinds of sounds. The development of these brain areas depends on the input: on the sounds that a child is exposed to and chooses to attend to. We present two brain research paradigms that can be used to assess the specialization of the brain for musical sounds, and show promising results with these paradigms in a group of young children who have music as their hobby.

Nature of O2, CO, and CN binding to hemoprotein models

2004

Parametrization of a molecular-mechanics program to include terms specific for five- and six-coordinate transition metal complexes results in computer-simulated structures of hemo complexes. The principal new feature peculiar to five- and six-coordination is a term that measures the effect of electron-pair repulsion modified by the ligand electronegativity and takes into account the different structural possibilities. The work consists in the modification of program molecular mechanics for penta and hexacoordination. The model system takes into account the structural differences of the fixing center in the hemoglobin subunits. The customary proximal histidine is added. The macrocycle hemo I…

Nature of FeIII–O2, FeII–CO and FeIII–CN complexes of hemoprotein models

2003

Abstract Parametrization of a molecular-mechanics program to include terms specific for 5- and 6-coordinate transition metal complexes results in computer-simulated structures of hemo complexes. The principal new feature peculiar to 5- and 6-coordination is a term that measures the effect of electron-pair repulsion modified by the ligand electronegativity and takes into account the different structural possibilities. The work consists in the modification of program molecular mechanics for 5- and 6-coordination. The model system takes into account the structural differences of the fixing centre in the haemoglobin (Hb) subunits. The customary proximal histidine is added. The macrocycle hemo I…

Effects of Equivalence Framing on the Perceived Truth of Political Messages and the Trustworthiness of Politicians

2017

Recent studies in psychology have shown that the framing of a message affects judgments about its truth, as negatively framed statements are perceived as more trustworthy than formally equivalent, positively framed statements. The current work examines this effect in the contexts of political communication and public opinion. The results of three experiments show that equivalence framing affects both the perceived truth of political messages and the trustworthiness of its source, and that one cause of this effect is that recipients have learned to associate negativity with news and positivity with persuasive communication through media exposure. Consequently, we find that positively framing…

Extraction of the mismatch negativity elicited by sound duration decrements: A comparison of three procedures

2009

This study focuses on comparison of procedures for extracting the brain event-related potentials (ERPs) - brain responses to stimuli recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). These responses are used to study how the synchronization of brain electrical responses is associated with cognition such as how the brain detects changes in the auditory world. One such event-related response to auditory change is called mismatch negativity (MMN). It is typically observed by computing a difference wave between ERPs elicited by a frequently repeated sound and ERPs elicited by an infrequently occurring sound which differs from the repeated sounds. Fast and reliable extraction of the ERPs, such as the…

Complexes of organometallic compounds. LI. The correlation between 119Sn Mössbauer isomer shifts and partial atomic charges on tin in R3SnL compounds

1985

Abstract The 119Sn Mossbauer isomer shift parameters, δ, of compounds R3SnL (R = AlK, Ph; L = F, Cl, OH, OR′, CN, NCS, NCO, N3) have been correlated to partial atomic charges on tin QSn, calculated according to a valence state electronegativity equalization procedure carried out by the CHELEQ program. A unique δ/QSn correlation has been obtained for all the five-coordinated R3SnL species by using average δ parameters for the AlK3IV derivatives.

Mössbauer spectroscopy of mono-organotin(IV) derivatives

1974

Abstract The Mossbauer parameters isomer shift, δ, and quadrupole splitting, ΔE, of mono-organotin compounds insofar investigated have been collected and tabulated. It is demonstrated that isomer shifts consistently depend on ligand electronegativities and coordination numbers, from which it is deduced that RSn IV behave much more as Sn IV rather than R 2 Sn IV and R 3 Sn IV derivatives. The changes of δ for RSn IV are then interpreted by hypotheses analogous to those advanced for Sn IV and its adducts and complexes. It is also inferred that in RSn IV compounds there is a consistent s-character in all tin-ligand atom bonds.

Ziegler–Natta catalysts based on vanadium halides: a DFT study

2003

Abstract Ziegler–Natta ethylene insertion into the carbon–metal bond for a number of fragments containing vanadium on different oxidation states as well as the halogen ligands has been studied by means of DFT. It is shown that the complexation and insertion energies are strongly influenced by the charge on the transition metal atom and, to some extent, by the electronegativity of the halogen atom. Complexation energy varies in the range −129 to −159 kJ/mol for charged species and −64 to −77 kJ/mol for neutral ones. Insertion energy follows a similar pattern and ranges from −28 to −62 and −82 to −100 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated values are compared with the experimental results and d…

2020

Measures of the brain's automatic electrophysiological responses to sounds represent a potential tool for identifying age- and depression-related neural markers. However, these markers have rarely been studied related to aging and depression within one study. Here, we investigated auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in the brain that may show different alterations related to aging and depression. We used an oddball condition employing changes in sound intensity to investigate: (i) sound intensity dependence; (ii) sensory gating; and (iii) change detection, all within a single paradigm. The ERPs of younger (18-40 years) and older (62-80 years) depressed female participants and age-match…

Normalizing biproportional methods

2002

International audience; Biproportional methods are used to update matrices: the projection of a matrix Z to give it the column and row sums of another matrix is R Z S, where R and S are diagonal and secure the constraints of the problem (R and S have no signification at all because they are not identified). However, normalizing R or S generates important mathematical difficulties: it amounts to put constraints on Lagrange multipliers, non negativity (and so the existence of the solution) is not guaranteed at equilibrium or along the path to equilibrium.