Search results for "Negativity"
showing 10 items of 301 documents
The cumulative effect of positive and negative feedback on emotional experience.
2021
The cumulative effect of positive or negative feedback on subsequent emotional experiences remains unclear. Elucidating this effect could help individuals to better understand and accept the change in emotional experience, irrespective of when they or others receive consecutive positive or negative feedback. This study aimed to examine this effect on 37 participants using self-reported pleasantness and event-related potential data as indicators. After completing each trial, the participants received predetermined false feedback; they were then assessed on a nine-point pleasantness scale. There were 12 false feedback conditions categorized into three valence types. The positive type consiste…
Primary motor area contribution to attentional reorienting after distraction
2008
The anatomical structures involved in distraction-related processing in the auditory domain were investigated using magnetoencephalography. Participants performed a duration-discrimination task on a sequence of 200 and 400 ms long tones. Infrequent (12%) task-irrelevant pitch changes resulted in slower discriminative responses and more errors. Event-related potentials to these changes show an increased N1, a mismatch negativity, a P3a, and a reorienting negativity. The event-related magnetic fields revealed focal activities in superior and medial temporal areas in the N1/mismatch negativity time range. No significant activity was found in the P3a interval. In the reorienting negativity inte…
Visual distraction: a behavioral and event-related brain potential study in humans.
2006
Recent studies reported that the detection of changes in the visual stimulation results in distraction of cognitive processing. From event-related brain potentials it was argued that distraction is triggered by the automatic detection of deviants. We tested whether distraction effects are confined to the detection of a deviation or can be triggered by changes per se, namely by rare stimuli that were not deviant with respect to the stimulation. The results obtained comparable early event-related brain potential effects for rare and deviant stimuli, suggesting an automatic detection of these changes. In contrast, behavioral distraction and attention-related event-related brain potential compo…
The human brain processes visual changes that are not cued by attended auditory stimulation.
2004
Event-related potentials (ERPs) to visual stimuli were recorded from the scalp of eight adult humans performing a task in which they counted vowels from a heard story. In the oddball condition, a repeated (standard) light bar of 50 ms in duration was rarely (P = 0.1) replaced by a (deviant) one differing in orientation from the standard. In the control condition, standards were simply omitted from the series and only (alone-) deviants retained. In both conditions, visual stimuli were asynchronous with auditory-task-relevant stimuli. ERPs to deviants significantly differed in amplitude from those to standards in the midline electrodes centrally, parietally and occipitally at 160-200 ms from …
Examining task-dependencies of different attentional processes as reflected in the P3a and reorienting negativity components of the human event-relat…
2005
Abstract Unexpected changes in task-irrelevant auditory stimuli are capable to distract processing of task-relevant visual information. This effect is accompanied by the elicitation of event-related potential (ERP) components associated with attentional orientation, i.e. P3a and reorienting negativity (RON). In the present study we varied the demands of a visual task in order to test whether the RON component – as an index of attentional reorientation after distraction – is confined to a semantic task requiring working memory. In two ERP experiments we applied an auditory-visual distraction paradigm in which subjects were instructed to discriminate visual stimuli preceded by a task-irreleva…
Position but not color deviants result in visual mismatch negativity in an active oddball task.
2009
Changes in the visual environment might be detected automatically. This function is provided by the sensory systems and showed, for instance, by the pop-out phenomenon. Automatic change detection is also observable within visual oddball paradigms, where rare changes are introduced in an irrelevant stimulus feature; the detection of deviant stimuli is accompanied by a negative component (so-called visual mismatch negativity) in the human event-related brain potential. In this study, the deviating stimulus feature was embedded in a task-relevant object presented in the focus of attention. With this, visual mismatch negativity was observable only with position deviants presented in the upper v…
Amplitude envelope correlation detects coupling among incoherent brain signals.
2000
Event-related potentials (ERPs) to changes in the visual environment were recorded in rabbits. In the oddball condition, infrequently presented (deviant) stimuli occurred in a series of frequently presented (standard) stimuli. In the deviant-alone condition, standards were omitted. ERPs to oddball-deviants differed from those to standards in all recording sites (cerebellar cortex, visual cortex, dentate gyrus). No corresponding differences were found between ERPs to deviants in the oddball condition and those in the deviant-alone condition. However, because ERPs to deviants in the deviant-alone condition and those to standards did not differ either, ERPs to stimulus changes in the oddball c…
Preattentive and attentive responses to changes in small numerosities of tones in adult humans
2016
The brain hosts a primitive number sense to non-symbolically represent numerosities of objects or events. Small exact numerosities (~4 or less) can be individuated in parallel. In contrast, large numerosities (more than ~4) can only be approximated. However, whether small numerosities can be approximated without their parallel individuation remains unclear. Parallel individuation is suggested to be an attentive process and numerical approximation an automatic process. We, therefore, tested whether small numerosities can be represented preattentively. We recorded adult humans׳ event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral responses to 300-ms sequences of six tones (each of either 440 Hz or …
ERP and EOG responses elicited by deviant tones when presented with and without standard tones to reading subjects
2002
Event-related potentials (ERPs) and horizontal electro-oculograms (HEOGs) were recorded in 11 subjects to infrequently presented spatially deviant tones (oddball-deviants) embedded in a series of frequently presented standard tones and also to these deviant tones when presented without the standard tones (alone-deviants). Subjects were instructed to read a self-selected book during the stimulus presentation. The mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of the ERP, was elicited by the oddball-deviants, whereas ERPs to the alone-deviants were characterized by a prominent N1. In an additional counting condition (subjects counting the oddball-deviants), the MMN to the oddball-deviants was followe…
From spatial acoustic changes to attentive behavioral responses within 200 ms in humans
1999
Human event-related potentials (ERPs) and electro-oculograms (EOGs) were recorded in 14 subjects presented with spatially deviant tones in a series of standard tones. In separate sessions, they were instructed to read a book, to count the deviant tones, and to respond to the deviant tones by shifting the eyes towards them from the standard tone source. When reading a book, the mismatch negativity (MMN) of ERP, reflecting pre-attentive detection of acoustic changes, was elicited to the deviant tones at approximately 105-180 ms. No deviance related EOGs were observed in the reading or counting conditions. When the subjects responded behaviorally to the deviant tones, EOGs revealed that the ey…