Search results for "Nerve Tissue Protein"
showing 10 items of 345 documents
Treatment with albumin-hydroxyoleic acid complex restores sensorimotor function in rats with spinal cord injury: Efficacy and gene expression regulat…
2017
Sensorimotor dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) is often characterized by paralysis, spasticity and pain. Previously, we showed that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the albumin-oleic acid (A-OA) complex in rats with SCI produced partial improvement of these symptoms and that oral 2-hydroxyoleic acid (HOA, a non-hydrolyzable OA analogue), was efficacious in the modulation and treatment of nociception and pain-related anxiety, respectively. Here we observed that intrathecal treatment with the complex albumin-HOA (A-HOA) every 3 days following T9 spinal contusion injury improved locomotor function assessed with the Rotarod and inhibited TA noxious reflex activity in…
Proteomic Analysis of Brain Region and Sex-Specific Synaptic Protein Expression in the Adult Mouse Brain
2020
Genetic disruption of synaptic proteins results in a whole variety of human neuropsychiatric disorders including intellectual disability, schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In a wide range of these so-called synaptopathies a sex bias in prevalence and clinical course has been reported. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we analyzed the proteome at the interaction site of the pre- and postsynaptic compartment, in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum of male and female adult C57BL/6J mice. We were able to reveal a specific repertoire of synaptic proteins in different brain areas as it has been implied before. Additionally, we found a region-specific set…
Neuroprotective potential of antihyperglycemic drug metformin in streptozocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
2020
Abstract The earliest hallmarks of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) are impaired glucose metabolism, chronic neuroinflammation, diminished synaptic plasticity and subsequent cognitive decline. The safest antidiabetic drug metformin has shown both glucose metabolism-improving and cognition-enhancing action in type 2 diabetes patients and diabetic model animals. However, metformin has not been previously studied in intracerebroventricular streptozocin (STZ)-induced model of sAD. Therefore, our aim was to assess the preventive action of metformin in sAD model-rats. Firstly, the actions of metformin (75 and 100 mg/kg) on cognitive functions and sociability were examined. Secondly, we wanted t…
Formin 2 links neuropsychiatric phenotypes at young age to an increased risk for dementia
2017
Age-associated memory decline is due to variable combinations of genetic and environmental risk factors. How these risk factors interact to drive disease onset is currently unknown. Here we begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at a young age contributes to an increased risk to develop dementia at old age. We show that the actin nucleator Formin 2 (Fmn2) is deregulated in PTSD and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Young mice lacking the Fmn2 gene exhibit PTSD-like phenotypes and corresponding impairments of synaptic plasticity, while the consolidation of new memories is unaffected. However, Fmn2 mutant mice develop accelerated age-associated me…
Brain circuit-gene expression relationships and neuroplasticity of multisensory cortices in blind children.
2017
Sensory deprivation reorganizes neurocircuits in the human brain. The biological basis of such neuroplastic adaptations remains elusive. In this study, we applied two complementary graph theory-based functional connectivity analyses, one to evaluate whole-brain functional connectivity relationships and the second to specifically delineate distributed network connectivity profiles downstream of primary sensory cortices, to investigate neural reorganization in blind children compared with sighted controls. We also examined the relationship between connectivity changes and neuroplasticity-related gene expression profiles in the cerebral cortex. We observed that multisensory integration areas e…
Genetic regulation and function of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling in patterning of the embryonicDrosophilabrain
2016
The specification of distinct neural cell types in central nervous system development crucially depends on positional cues conferred to neural stem cells in the neuroectoderm. Here, we investigate the regulation and function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway in early development of theDrosophilabrain. We find that localized EGFR signalling in the brain neuroectoderm relies on a neuromere-specific deployment of activating (Spitz, Vein) and inhibiting (Argos) ligands. Activated EGFR controls the spatially restricted expression of all dorsoventral (DV) patterning genes in a gene- and neuromere-specific manner. Further, we reveal a novel role of DV genes—ventral …
Alterations in reelin and reelin receptors in Down syndrome.
2019
Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that modulates synaptic function and plasticity, with a crucial role in neuronal migration. Changes in the expression of this protein have been reported in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This molecule is produced by Cajal-Retzius neurons during development and by inhibitory neurons in the adult nervous system. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present an early development of AD; therefore, we analyzed the alterations in this molecule and its receptors in the murine model for DS Ts65Dn as well as in human with DS. We performed immunofluorescence analysis for reelin and its receptors very-low-density lipoprotein r…
Critical re-evaluation of neuroglobin expression reveals conserved patterns among mammals.
2016
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a respiratory protein that is almost exclusively expressed in the vertebrate nervous system. Despite many years of research, the exact function and even the expression sites of Ngb are still a matter of debate. However, to investigate hypotheses surrounding the potential roles of Ngb, a detailed knowledge of its major and minor expression sites is indispensable. We have therefore evaluated Ngb expression by extensive bioinformatic analysis using publicly available transcriptome data (RNA-Seq). During mammalian brain development, we observed low embryonic expression of Ngb mRNA and an increase after birth, arguing against a role of Ngb in fetal hypoxia tolerance. In adul…
New functions of Semaphorin 3E and its receptor PlexinD1 during developing and adult hippocampal formation
2018
AbstractThe development and maturation of cortical circuits relies on the coordinated actions of long and short range axonal guidance cues. In this regard, the class 3 semaphorins and their receptors have been seen to be involved in the development and maturation of the hippocampal connections. However, although the role of most of their family members have been described, very few data about the participation of Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) and its receptor PlexinD1 during the development and maturation of the entorhino-hippocampal (EH) connection are available. In the present study, we focused on determining their roles both during development and in adulthood. We determined a relevant role for…
Enhanced activity of glycolytic enzymes in Drosophila and human cell models of Parkinson's disease based on DJ-1 deficiency
2020
ABSTRACTParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodenerative debilitating disorder characterized by progressive disturbances in motor, autonomic and psychiatric functions. The pathological hallmark of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which causes striatal dopamine deficiency. Although most PD cases are sporadic (iPD), approximately 5-10% of all patients suffer from monogenic PD forms caused by highly penetrant rare mutations segregating with the disease in families (fPD). One of the genes linked to monogenic PD is DJ-1. Mutations in DJ-1 cause autosomal recessive early-onset forms of fPD; however, it has been shown that an over-oxidized and inactive for…