Search results for "Neste"
showing 10 items of 639 documents
Effects of muscular exercise on erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate concentration in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
1987
Type I diabetes mellitus represents a metabolic disorder in which intracellular glycolytic pathway is inhibited by insulin deficiency, with the subsequent decreased availability of energetic substrates such as ATP. Some aspects of the energetic metabolism in response to an intensive demand (muscular exercise) were investigated, in a group of 10 ketotic diabetic patients, by measuring erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and blood glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and lactate levels. In the diabetic subjects, in comparison with normal subjects, the decreased levels of erythrocyte ATP at rest did not increase after exercise, while the increased levels of FFA at rest did not diminish after e…
The effects of muscular exercise on glucose, free fatty acids, alanine and lactate in type I diabetic subjects in relation to metabolic control.
1988
Metabolic effects of muscular exercise were studied in eleven subjects with type I diabetes mellitus during poor metabolic control, and again during good metabolic control, and in ten healthy control subjects. All the subjects were submitted to a submaximal gradual triangular test on an electrically braked bicycle ergometer; glucose, FFA, alanine and lactate were measured at rest, and after exercise. In poorly controlled patients, glucose and FFA were unchanged after exercise, whereas blood alanine and lactate increased by a percentage similar to that of the controls, and well-controlled diabetic patients. Baseline alanine concentrations were lower and lactate concentrations higher than in …
A study of insulin resistance using the minimal model in nondiabetic familial combined hyperlipidemic patients.
1998
The presence of insulin resistance in 20 male nondiabetic patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) and 20 controls of similar age and body mass index (BMI) was investigated using the minimal model method modified by the administration of insulin and an oral glucose tolerance test. The peripheral sensitivity of insulin, expressed as the insulin sensitivity index (Si), was 1.91 ± 1.05 and 2.86 ± 1.19 × 10−4 · min−1 · mU/L in FCH patients and controls, respectively (P < .01), and the corresponding value for the peripheral utilization of glucose independently of insulin (Sg) was 1.70 ± 1.13 in FCH patients and 2.35 ± 0.60 × 10−2 · min−1 in controls (P < .02). In the FCH group, the S…
Metabolic changes induced by combined prolonged exercise and low-calorie intake in man
1984
Thirteen middle-aged women and 10 men walked 344 km during 7 days. The daily walking distances were 57, 53, 67, 53, 41, 36, and 37 km at an average speed of 3.5 km X h-1. During the hike the subjects drank water, mineral drinks, and juices ad libitum. Except for some natural products, no food intake was allowed. During the hike the body weight and serum protein concentration of the subjects decreased by about 7%, on average. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased drastically, about 30-40% during the hike, but HDL-cholesterol showed a tendency to increase, giving a 40% increment in HDL/total cholesterol ratio. Serum free fatty acids rose 1.5-2 times above the starting level. Seru…
Effects of marathon running on plasma total homocysteine concentrations.
2003
Summary Aims There is evidence of an excess of acute cardiovascular (CV) events in marathon runners. High plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are a recognised risk factor for CV events. Therefore, we investigated the changes in plasma tHcy concentrations 24 h before and after a marathon race. Methods and results Twenty-two non-professional male athletes, mean age 35.6 (6.6), range 23–49 years, were studied the day before and 24 h after finishing a marathon race. None of the athletes was a carrier of the MTHFR 677TT genotype and no ingestion of supplements of vitamins (B12, B6, folic acid) was allowed. Results Changes in plasma folate and plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were no…
Effects of gemfibrozil on insulin sensitivity and on haemostatic variables in hypertriglyceridemic patients.
2000
In order to assess the efficacy of gemfibrozil on lipid and haemostatic parameters in patients with plurimetabolic syndrome, a multicenter double-blind placebo controlled, parallel study was carried out in 56 patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia and glucose intolerance. These patients had elevated PAI activity and antigen and t-PA antigen levels at rest and after venous occlusion. Gemfibrozil reduced plasma triglyceride levels (P0.001), whereas it increased free fatty acids (P0.05) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P0.05). In those patients reaching normalization of plasma triglyceride levels (triglyceride reductionor =50%) (n=15), insulin levels (P0.05) as well as the …
Glycated albumin with loss of fatty acid binding capacity contributes to enhanced arachidonate oxygenation and platelet hyperactivity: relevance in p…
2014
High plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), transported bound to serum albumin, are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effects of albumin on platelet function were investigated in vitro. Modifications of albumin, such as those due to glycoxidation, were found in patients with T2D, and the consequences of these modifications on biological mechanisms related to NEFA handling were investigated. Mass spectrometry profiles of albumin from patients with T2D differed from those from healthy control subjects. Diabetic albumin showed impaired NEFA binding capacity, and both structural and functional alterations could be reproduced in vitro by incubating native albumin wi…
Involvement of hydrogen and lipid peroxides in acute tobacco smoking-induced platelet hyperactivity
1995
Previous studies have established that cigarette smoking results in acute platelet hyperaggregability. We investigated whether changes in plasma oxidative properties could occur after smoking and whether such changes could be responsible for this enhanced platelet activity. In the present work, we report that platelets from nonsmokers become hyperactive after incubation with plasma prepared from blood of smokers obtained 10 min after smoking. This effect was not observed with presmoking plasma and could be inhibited in vitro by adding either catalase or reduced glutathione plus peroxidase to plasma or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) to platelets before incubation. Comparison of pre- and p…
Effect of gut-derived acetate on glucose turnover in man
1988
1. The effect of acetate absorbed from the gut on glucose turnover has been determined in four healthy subjects during both fasting and an intravenous glucose infusion by using [U-13C]glucose. 2. In the first part of the study, after an overnight fast, a tracer dose of [U-13C]glucose was infused at a constant rate along with an infusion of saline for 7 h. In the second part the saline infusion was replaced by glucose at 4.25 mg min−1 kg−1. In both studies 15 mmol of sodium acetate was given by mouth at 15 min intervals from the fourth to the sixth hour. Glucose turnover, respiratory quotient, metabolic rate and blood levels of acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, insulin, glucagon and gastr…
Effect of gut-derived acetate on oral glucose tolerance in man.
1988
1. Dietary fibre has a moderating impact on glucose metabolism. To test the hypothesis that this effect of fibre may be mediated by its breakdown product acetate, oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out in healthy volunteers with and without acetate. 2. Five subjects received 50 g of glucose orally while taking either acetate (15 mmol every 15 min) by mouth or chloride as control. Oral acetate made no detectable difference to glucose tolerance or to levels of free fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, insulin, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. 3. The 50 g dose of glucose temporarily depressed acetate levels in blood. This was probably due to an interaction between glucos…