Search results for "Neural"

Postnatal exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea disrupts the subventricular zone in adult rodents

2010

N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU), a type of N-nitrous compound (NOC), has been used as inductor for brain tumours due to its mutagenic effect on the rodent embryo. ENU also affected adult neurogenesis when administered during pregnancy. However, no studies have investigated the effect of ENU when exposured during adulthood. For this purpose, three experimental groups of adult mice were injected with ENU at different doses and killed shortly after exposure. When administered in adult mice, ENU did not form brain tumours but led to a disruption of the subventricular zone (SVZ), an adult neurogenic region. Analyses of the samples revealed a reduction in the numbers of neural progenitors compared wit…

Neural network approach to solving fuzzy nonlinear equations using Z-numbers

2020

In this article, the fuzzy property is described by means of the Z-number as the coefficients and variables of the fuzzy equations. This alteration for the fuzzy equation is appropriate for system modeling with Z-number parameters. In this article, the fuzzy equation with Z-number coefficients and variables is tended to be used as the models for the uncertain systems. The modeling issue related to the uncertain system is to obtain the Z-number coefficients and variables of the fuzzy equation. Nevertheless, it is extremely hard to get the Z-number coefficients of the fuzzy equations. In this article, in order to model the uncertain nonlinear systems, a novel structure of the multilayer neura…

Cell cycle independent role of Cyclin E during neural cell fate specification in Drosophila is mediated by its regulation of Prospero function

2009

AbstractDuring development, neural progenitor cells or neuroblasts generate a great intra- and inter-segmental diversity of neuronal and glial cell types in the nervous system. In thoracic segments of the embryonic central nervous system of Drosophila, the neuroblast NB6-4t undergoes an asymmetric first division to generate a neuronal and a glial sublineage, while abdominal NB6-4a divides once symmetrically to generate only 2 glial cells. We had earlier reported a critical function for the G1 cyclin, CyclinE (CycE) in regulating asymmetric cell division in NB6-4t. Here we show that (i) this function of CycE is independent of its role in cell cycle regulation and (ii) the two functions are m…

Activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor through conformational rearrangement of disulphide-linked receptor dimers.

2009

Ligand-mediated dimerization has emerged as a universal mechanism of growth factor receptor activation. Recent structural studies have shown that neurotrophins interact with dimers of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), but the actual mechanism of receptor activation has remained elusive. Here we show that p75NTR forms disulphide-linked dimers independently of neurotrophin binding through the highly conserved Cys257 in its transmembrane domain. Mutation of Cys257 abolished neurotrophin-dependent receptor activity but did not affect downstream signaling by the p75NTR/NgR/Lingo-1 complex in response to MAG, indicating the existence of distinct, ligand-specific activation mechanisms for p7…

Design of a Neural Network Model as a Decision Making Aid in Renal Transplant

2004

This paper presents the application of this new tool of data processing in the study of the problem that arises when a renal transplant is indicated for a paediatric patient. Its aim is the development and validation of a neural network based model which can predict the success of the transplant over the short, medium and long term, using pre-operative characteristics of the patient (recipient) and implant organ (donor). When compared to results of logistic regression, the results of the proposed model showed better performance. Once the model is obtained, it will be converted into a tool for predicting the efficiency of the transplant protocol in order to optimise the donor-recipient pair …

"Table 6" of "Measurement of exclusive $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-$ production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV with the A…

2015

Acoplanarity (ACO) distributions unfolded for detector resolution, and lepton pair trigger, reconstruction and identification efficiencies for mu+ mu- channel (empty bins are not reported).

Experimental and Neural Network Investigations in Learning, Attention, and Cognitive Control

2019

Is formal thought disorder in schizophrenia related to structural and functional aberrations in the language network? A systematic review of neuroima…

2018

Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a core feature of schizophrenia, a marker of illness severity and a predictor of outcome. The underlying neural mechanisms are still a matter of debate. This study aimed at 1) reviewing the literature on the neural correlates of FTD in schizophrenia, and 2) testing the hypothesis that FTD correlates with structural and functional aberrations in the language network. Medline, PsychInfo, and Embase were searched for neuroimaging studies, which applied a clinical measure to assess FTD in adults with schizophrenia and were published in English or German in peer-reviewed journals until December 2016. Of 412 articles identified, 61 studies were included in the rev…

Characterizing the Theory of Mind Network in Schizophrenia Reveals a Sparser Network Structure

2021

AbstractImpaired social functioning is a hallmark of schizophrenia and altered functional integration between distant brain regions are expected to account for signs and symptoms of the disorder. The functional neuroarchitecture of a network relevant for social functioning, the mentalizing network, is however poorly understood. In this study we examined dysfunctions of the mentalizing network in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls via dynamic causal modelling and an interactive social decision-making game. Network characteristics were analyzed on a single subject basis whereas graph theoretic metrics such as in-degree, out-degree and edge-connectivity per network node w…

Effective 1-day ahead prediction of hourly surface ozone concentrations in eastern Spain using linear models and neural networks

2002

The aim of this research was to develop pure predictive models in order to provide 24 h advance forecasts of the hourly ozone concentration for the rural site of Carcagente (Valencia, Spain) and the urban sites of Paterna (Valencia, Spain) and Alcoy (Alicante, Spain) over 4 years from 1996 to 1999. The peculiarity of the model presented here is that it uses past and previously predicted information of inputs exclusively, thus being this is the first genuine 24 h advance O3 predictive model with neural networks. We used autoregressive-moving average with exogenous inputs (ARMAX), multilayer perceptrons and FIR neural networks. Five performance measures yield reasonably good results in the th…