Search results for "Neuroblast"
showing 10 items of 348 documents
The pattern of neuroblast formation, mitotic domains and proneural gene expression during early brain development in Drosophila.
2003
In the Drosophila embryo, studies on CNS development have so far mainly focused on the relatively simply structured ventral nerve cord. In the trunk, proneural genes become expressed in small cell clusters at specific positions of the ventral neuroectoderm. A lateral inhibition process mediated by the neurogenic genes ensures that only one cell within each proneural cluster delaminates as a neural stem cell (neuroblast). Thus, a fixed number of neuroblasts is formed, according to a stereotypical spatiotemporal and segmentally repeated pattern, each subsequently generating a specific cell lineage. Owing to higher complexity and hidden segmental organisation, the mechanisms underlying the dev…
Nonfluorescent RNA In Situ Hybridization Combined with Antibody Staining to Visualize Multiple Gene Expression Patterns in the Embryonic Brain of Dro…
2013
In Drosophila, the brain arises from about 100 neural stem cells (called neuroblasts) per hemisphere which originate from the neuroectoderm. Products of developmental control genes are expressed in spatially restricted domains in the neuroectoderm and provide positional cues that determine the formation and identity of neuroblasts. Here, we present a protocol for nonfluorescent double in situ hybridization combined with antibody staining which allows the simultaneous representation of gene expression patterns in Drosophila embryos in up to three different colors. Such visible multiple stainings are especially useful to analyze the expression and regulatory interactions of developmental cont…
Cellular Composition and Organization of the Subventricular Zone and Rostral Migratory Stream in the Adult and Neonatal Common Marmoset Brain
2011
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle contains neural stem cells. In rodents, these cells generate neuroblasts that migrate as chains toward the olfactory bulb along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The neural-stem-cell niche at the ventricular wall is conserved in various animal species, including primates. However, it is unclear how the SVZ and RMS organization in nonhuman primates relates to that of rodents and humans. Here we studied the SVZ and RMS of the adult and neonatal common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate used widely in neuroscience, by electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical detection of cell-type-specific markers. The marmoset …
Doublecortin expression in the adult rat telencephalon
2001
Doublecortin (DCX) is a protein required for normal neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex, where it is widely expressed in both radially and tangentially migrating neuroblasts. Moreover, it has been observed in the adult rostral migratory stream, which contains the neuronal precursors traveling to the olfactory bulb. We have performed DCX immunocytochemistry in the adult rat brain to identify precisely the neuronal populations expressing this protein. Our observations confirm the presence of DCX immunoreactive cells with the characteristic morphology of migrating neuroblasts in the subventricular zone, rostral migratory stream and the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. We ha…
Lack of association betweenMDM2promoter SNP309 and clinical outcome in patients with neuroblastoma
2014
While a polymorphism located within the promoter region of the MDM2 proto-oncogene, SNP309 (T > G), has previously been associated with increased risk and aggressiveness of neuroblastoma and other tumor entities, a protective effect has also been reported in certain other cancers. In this study, we evaluated the association of MDM2 SNP309 with outcome in 496 patients with neuroblastoma and its effect on MDM2 expression. No significant difference in overall or event-free survival was observed among patients with neuroblastoma with or without MDM2 SNP309. The presence of SNP309 does not affect MDM2 expression in neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1867–1870. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals,…
Cancer Stem Cells and Neuroblastoma: Characteristics and Therapeutic Targeting Options
2019
The majority of embryonal tumors or childhood blastomas derive from pluripotent progenitors or fetal stem cells that acquire cancer stem cell (CSC) properties: multipotency, self-renewal ability, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, more pronounced levels of drug transporters, enhanced DNA-damage repair mechanisms, and a quiescent state. Neuroblastoma (NB) is considered a neuroendocrine tumor and is the most common extracranial neoplasm in children. NB pathogenesis has frequently been associated with epigenetic dysregulation and a failure to implement a differentiation program. The origin, characteristics, and isolation of the CSC subpopulation in NB are still incompletely understood, des…
Anticancer study of heterobimetallic platinum(II)-ruthenium(II) and platinum(II)-rhodium(III) complexes with bridging dithiooxamide ligand
2019
Abstract Three heterobimetallic platinum (II)/ruthenium (II) and platinum (II)/rhodium (III) complexes, A: Pt{S–S2C2(NR)2H}{μ-S2C2(NR)2}-[Ru (p-cymene)Cl], R = isoamyl; B: Pt{S–S2C2(NR)2H}{μ-S2C2(NR)2}[Rh (phpy)2], R = isoamyl; C: [Pt{S–S2C2(NR)2H}{μ-S2C2(NR)2}-[Rh(C5Me5)Cl]], R = benzyl, were prepared from mononuclear complexes 1 and 2, 1: [Pt (H-isoamyl2DTO)2]; 2: [Pt (H-benzyl2DTO)2], DTO = dithiooxamide, by reaction of 1 or 2 with the corresponding chlorido-bridged dimers, [Rh(C5Me5)Cl (μ-Cl)]2, [Ru (p-cymene)Cl (μ-Cl)]2 or [Rh (phpy)2 (μ-Cl)]2, and then evaluated as anticancer agents for the inhibition of the three proteolytic activities of human 20S proteasome, one of the main target …
Genetic features of neuroblastic tumors associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome opens up the possibility for detection in peripheral blood
2016
Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare paraneoplastic, postinfectious, or parainfectious or idiopathic acute neurological syndrome in children and adults. OMS is characterized by involuntary...
Cell lineage and cell fate specification in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila.
1997
The Drosophila CNS derives from a population of neural stem cells, called neuroblasts (NBs), which delaminate individually from the neurogenic region of the ectoderm. In the embryonic ventral nerve cord each NB can be uniquely identified and gives rise to a specific lineage consisting of neurons and/or glial cells. This 'NB identity' is dependent on the position of the progenitor cells in the neuroectoderm before delamination. The positional information is provided by the products of segment polarity and dorsoventral (D/V) patterning genes. Subsequently, 'cell fate genes' like huckebein (hkb) and eagle (eg) contribute to the generation of specific NB lineages. These genes act downstream of …
Development of an in vitro neuroblastoma 3D model and its application for sterigmatocystin-induced cytotoxicity testing
2021
Abstract Given the increasing importance of establishing better risk assessments for mycotoxins, novel in vitro tools for the evaluation of their toxicity are mandatory. In this study, an in vitro 3D spheroid model from SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line, was developed, optimized and characterized to test the cytotoxic effects caused by the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (STE). STE induced a concentration- and time-dependent cell viability decrease in spheroids. Spheroids displayed cell disaggregation after STE exposure, increasing in a dose-dependent manner and over time. STE also induced apoptosis as confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Following the decrease…