Search results for "Neuroectoderm"
showing 10 items of 51 documents
Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: Causes, diagnosis and treatment
2019
The Ewing's sarcoma Family of Tumors (EFT) includes classic Ewing's Sarcoma (ES) of bone, Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma (EES) and malignant peripheral primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (pNET) of bone and soft tissue. ES is an aggressive tumor with a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The skeletal form is more common and typically occurs in the long bones of the extremities. The extra skeletal form occurs in the soft tissues of the lower extremities, paravertebral tissues, chest wall, retroperitoneum and rarely in the head and neck region in about 1-4% of cases. Involvement of the head and neck is usually identified in the nasal or oral cavities, sinuses or soft tissues…
Evidence for differential and redundant function of the Sox genes Dichaete and SoxN during CNS development in Drosophila.
2002
Group B Sox-domain proteins encompass a class of conserved DNA-binding proteins expressed from the earliest stages of metazoan CNS development. In all higher organisms studied to date, related Group B Sox proteins are co-expressed in the developing CNS; in vertebrates there are three (Sox1, Sox2 and Sox3) and in Drosophila there are two (SoxNeuro and Dichaete). It has been suggested there may be a degree of functional redundancy in Sox function during CNS development. We describe the CNS phenotype of a null mutation in the Drosophila SoxNeuro gene and provide the first direct evidence for both redundant and differential Sox function during CNS development in Drosophila. In the lateral neuro…
Molecular markers for identified neuroblasts in the developing brain of Drosophila.
2003
The Drosophila brain develops from the procephalic neurogenic region of the ectoderm. About 100 neural precursor cells (neuroblasts) delaminate from this region on either side in a reproducible spatiotemporal pattern. We provide neuroblast maps from different stages of the early embryo (stages 9, 10 and 11, when the entire population of neuroblasts has formed), in which about 40 molecular markers representing the expression patterns of 34 different genes are linked to individual neuroblasts. In particular, we present a detailed description of the spatiotemporal patterns of expression in the procephalic neuroectoderm and in the neuroblast layer of the gap genes empty spiracles, hunchback, hu…
The pattern of neuroblast formation, mitotic domains and proneural gene expression during early brain development in Drosophila.
2003
In the Drosophila embryo, studies on CNS development have so far mainly focused on the relatively simply structured ventral nerve cord. In the trunk, proneural genes become expressed in small cell clusters at specific positions of the ventral neuroectoderm. A lateral inhibition process mediated by the neurogenic genes ensures that only one cell within each proneural cluster delaminates as a neural stem cell (neuroblast). Thus, a fixed number of neuroblasts is formed, according to a stereotypical spatiotemporal and segmentally repeated pattern, each subsequently generating a specific cell lineage. Owing to higher complexity and hidden segmental organisation, the mechanisms underlying the dev…
Nonfluorescent RNA In Situ Hybridization Combined with Antibody Staining to Visualize Multiple Gene Expression Patterns in the Embryonic Brain of Dro…
2013
In Drosophila, the brain arises from about 100 neural stem cells (called neuroblasts) per hemisphere which originate from the neuroectoderm. Products of developmental control genes are expressed in spatially restricted domains in the neuroectoderm and provide positional cues that determine the formation and identity of neuroblasts. Here, we present a protocol for nonfluorescent double in situ hybridization combined with antibody staining which allows the simultaneous representation of gene expression patterns in Drosophila embryos in up to three different colors. Such visible multiple stainings are especially useful to analyze the expression and regulatory interactions of developmental cont…
Activation of TRK Genes in Ewingʼs Sarcoma Trk A Receptor Expression Linked to Neural Differentiation
1997
Trk receptors have been identified by immunohistochemical methods in primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)/Ewing's sarcoma (ES). However, the presence of different members of the Trk family of receptors in PNET/ES has not been specified. We have examined whether Trk A, B, and C receptors are specifically expressed in ES both with and without features of neural differentiation. Ten ES tumors (five primary tumors of bone and five extraosseous tumors transplanted into nude mice) were investigated for expression of Trk receptors by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. One primary ES and the five grafted ES tumors exhibited signs of neural differentiation; t…
Cell lineage and cell fate specification in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila.
1997
The Drosophila CNS derives from a population of neural stem cells, called neuroblasts (NBs), which delaminate individually from the neurogenic region of the ectoderm. In the embryonic ventral nerve cord each NB can be uniquely identified and gives rise to a specific lineage consisting of neurons and/or glial cells. This 'NB identity' is dependent on the position of the progenitor cells in the neuroectoderm before delamination. The positional information is provided by the products of segment polarity and dorsoventral (D/V) patterning genes. Subsequently, 'cell fate genes' like huckebein (hkb) and eagle (eg) contribute to the generation of specific NB lineages. These genes act downstream of …
Ewing sarcoma of the oral cavity. A review
2017
Objectives A review is made of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and survival characteristics of Ewing sarcoma (ES) of the oral cavity. Material and methods A systematic literature search was carried out, with restrictions referred to time (1960-2014), language (English and Spanish) and type of study (case reports, letters, datasets, reviews). The following MeSH terms and boolean operators were used: Ewing AND Sarcoma AND [tongue, jaw, maxilla, cheek, condyle OR temporomandibular, floor AND mouth, gum OR gingiva, palate OR palatal, lip, uvula, head AND neck]. Results Seventy-one cases of ES of the oral cavity were documented from 53 articles. The main differences versus ES of other loca…
Pigmented esthesioneuroblastoma showing dual differentiation following transplantation in nude mice
1989
Esthesioneuroblastoma (ESTH) is a neuroepithelial-cell-derived neoplasm of the olfactory mucosa composed of homogeneous small round cells which contain neurosecretory granules. Melanin has been detected in such tumours only occasionally. Here we describe a new case of ESTH with divergent differentiation. The primary neoplasm was found in a 67 year-old female, involving the left nasal and maxillary sinus; she died of cerebral metastasis ten months after diagnosis. Histologically only small round cells were seen, with S-100 and NSE positivity. Electron microscopy revealed neurosecretory granules and filaments, as well as the occasional presence of melanosomes. A nude mice xenograft line has b…
Incidence Patterns and Trends of non-Central Nervous System Solid Tumours in Children and Adolescents. A Collaborative Study of the Spanish Populatio…
2016
Journal Article; OBJECTIVE To describe incidence patterns and trends in children (0-14 years) and adolescents (15-19 age-range) with solid tumours, except those of central nervous system (CNS), in Spain. METHODS Cases were drawn from eleven Spanish population-based cancer registries. Incidence was estimated for the period 1983-2007 and trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS The studied tumour groups accounted for 36% of total childhood cancers and 47.6% of those diagnosed in adolescence with annual rates per million of 53.5 and 89.3 respectively. In children 0 to 14 years of age, Neuroblastoma (NB) was the commonest (7.8%) followed by Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) (…