Search results for "Neurokinin"
showing 10 items of 21 documents
Inflammation-induced upregulation of NK1 receptor mRNA in dorsal horn neurones
1993
The expression of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor (i.e. substance P receptor) gene in spinal cord was studied in rats subjected to unilateral inflammation by semi-quantitative in situ hybridization analysis. Low levels of NK1 receptor mRNA were detected in many neurones throughout the grey matter. Relatively strong labelling was observed in large motoneurones and a subpopulation of superficial dorsal horn neurones. Six days after Freund's adjuvant-induced unilateral hindpaw inflammation, NK1 receptor mRNA levels in lamina I/II of the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the inflamed paw increased almost two fold compared with the contralateral side. These data suggest an inflammation-induced increase…
Salivary and serum levels of substance p, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene related peptide in burning mouth syndrome
2009
Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an enigmatic condition with the etiopathogenesis remaining largely obscure. However, a neuropathic basis for BMS continues to be an area of active clinical and research interest. Aim: It is becoming increasingly evident that certain oral disorders may be modulated by imbalances in certain neuropeptides such as substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) therefore we measured SP, NKA and CGRP in the saliva and sera of BMS patients as well as controls. Subjects and Methods: Salivary and serum SP, NKA and CGRP were determined in the 26 female patients with burning mouth syndrome (age range 51-78, mean 65.69 yrs), a…
Dual orexin receptor blocker suvorexant attenuates hypercapnic ventilatory augmentation in mice
2022
Suvorexant (Belsomra(R)), a dual orexin receptor antagonist widely used in the treatment of insomnia, inhibits the arousal system in the brain. However, the drug’s ventilatory effects have not been fully explored. This study aims to investigate the expression of orexin receptors in respiratory neurons and the effects of suvorexant on ventilation. Immunohistology of brainstem orexin receptor OX2R expression was performed in adult mice (n = 4) in (1) rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) neurons projecting to the phrenic nucleus (PhN) retrogradely labeled by Fluoro-Gold (FG) tracer, (2) neurons immunoreactive for paired like homeobox 2b (Phox2b) in the parafacial respiratory group/retrotra…
Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in mouse gastric mechanical activity
2006
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in the control of mechanical activity of mouse stomach. In this view, the motor effects induced by NK1 and NK2 receptor agonists and antagonists were analyzed, measuring motility as intraluminal pressure changes in mouse-isolated stomach preparations. In parallel, immunohistochemical studies were performed to identify the location of NK1 and NK2 receptors on myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells. Substance P (SP) induced biphasic effects: a contraction followed by relaxation; neurokinin A (NKA) and [β-Ala8]-NKA(4−10), selective agonist of NK2 receptors, evoked concentration-dependent contractions, whereas [Sar…
Tachykinergic neurotransmission is enhanced in duodenum from dystrophic (mdx ) mice
2005
1 Duodenal longitudinal muscle of mdx mice, an animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, showed a decrease in the electrically evoked nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory responses associated with a reduction of the participation of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of NO could also lead to alterations in the NANC excitatory transmission. 2 Nerve-evoked responses consisted of an inhibitory phase followed, at the end of stimulation, by an excitatory response characterised by an increase in amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. In mdx mice, the amplitude of the nerve-evoked contractions was significantly higher than in normals. 3 N(om…
Characterization of tachykinin receptors in the uterus of the oestrogen-primed rat
1998
The aim of our study was to characterize the tachykinin receptor population in the oestrogen-primed rat uterus. For this purpose, we investigated the receptor type(s) responsible for tachykinin-induced contraction of longitudinally-arranged smooth muscle layer. The effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB) and several of their analogues with well-defined selectivities for tachykinin NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors were studied and their inhibition by the selective nonpeptide tachykinin receptor antagonists (S)1-(2-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-isopropoxyphenylacetyl)piperidin-3-yl]ethyl)-4-phenyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride (SR 140333, NK1-selective), (S)-N-met…
Trigeminal innervation of the mammalian pineal gland.
1999
There is evidence that the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglia innervate the mamma- lian pineal gland and serve in its regulation in addition to the sympathetic and cholinergic as well as further influences. By means of immunohistochemical methods, previous studies demonstrated fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP-LI) or substance P (SP) in the superficial pineal of various mammalian species. In addition, SP and the related tachykinin, neurokinin A, were detected by radioimmunoassay and HPLC, respectively, in the rat and human pineal gland. In the present study, retrograde neuronal tracing upon injection of a tracer substance into the superfical pineal gland of rats was used i…
A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: Coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the …
2013
Kast, Richard E. et al.
Effects of Mn2+ on the responses induced by different spasmogens in the oestrogen-primed rat uterus
1997
Abstract We investigated the effect of Mn 2+ on the mechanical responses evoked by high K + (60 mM) or low Na + (25 mM) solutions, oxytocin and neurokinin A in the oestrogen-primed rat uterus. In a Ca 2+ -free, Mn 2+ (0.54 mM)-containing solution, high K + or low Na + solutions produced contractions of smaller amplitude than those observed in a normal Ca 2+ (0.54 mM) solution, which were abolished by nifedipine (1 μM). Oxytocin (1 μM) and neurokinin A (1 μM, in the presence of phosphoramidon 1 μM) evoked nifedipine-insensitive contractile responses similar to (oxytocin) or smaller (neurokinin A) in amplitude than those observed in Ca 2+ (0.54 mM)-containing solution. In strips loaded with C…
Molecular anatomy of the neuro-immune connection.
1991
Light microscopic immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate and compare the presence, distribution, and coexistence of various peptides, neuroendocrine markers and enzymes of the catecholamine pathway in nerves supplying lymphoid tissues in a variety of mammalian species. All lymphoid organs and tissues receive innervation by fibers containing dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and/or tyrosine hydroxylase, neural markers like protein gene product 9.5, synaptophysin and neurofilament and a varied spectrum of peptides. The prominent peptides were tachykinins (substance P, neurokinin A), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide his…