Search results for "Neurological disorders"
showing 9 items of 19 documents
Quantitative assessment of stereotyped and challenged locomotion after lesion of the striatum: a 3D kinematic study in rats.
2009
Background Although the striatum is in position to regulate motor function, the role of the structure in locomotor behaviour is poorly understood. Therefore, a detailed analysis of locomotion- and obstacle avoidance-related parameters was performed after unilateral lesion of the striatum in rats. Methods and Results Using the three dimensional motion capture technology, kinematics of walking and clearing obstacles, head and body orientation were analyzed before and up to 60 days after the lesion. Recordings were performed in treadmill running rats with or without obstacles attached to the treadmill belt. The lesion, which was induced by the direct injection of the mitochondrial toxin malona…
Thermal Index for early non-invasive assessment of brain injury in newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia: preliminary report.
2021
AbstractPerinatal asphyxia (PA) is the 3rd most common cause of neonatal death and one of the most common causes of severe neurological impairments in children. Current tools and measurements mainly based on the analysis of clinical evaluation and laboratory and electrophysiological tests do not give consistent data allowing to predict the severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) until a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score is performed. The aim of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of the new index, called Thermal Index (TI) in the assessment of the degree of brain damage in newborns in the course of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) due to PA. This was a prospective, observatio…
Preoperative imaging findings in patients undergoing transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy
2021
AbstractThe prevalence and impact of imaging findings detected during screening procedures in patients undergoing transcranial MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) thalamotomy for functional neurological disorders has not been assessed yet. This study included 90 patients who fully completed clinical and neuroradiological screenings for tcMRgFUS in a single-center. The presence and location of preoperative imaging findings that could impact the treatment were recorded and classified in three different groups according to their relevance for the eligibility and treatment planning. Furthermore, tcMRgFUS treatments were reviewed to evaluate the number of transducer elements turned off after…
Gender differences in the neurotoxicity of metals in children
2013
Gender-related differences in susceptibility to chemical exposure to neurotoxicants have not received sufficient attention. Although a significant number of epidemiological studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of metal exposure has been published in the last twenty years, not many of them have considered the possible gender-specific effects of such exposure. This review is focused on studies where the gender differences in pre- and/or postnatal exposure/s to five metals (mercury, lead, manganese, cadmium, and arsenic) and neurodevelopment were evaluated. We conducted a PubMed search in December 2012 and retrieved 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A large body of literature on…
Long-Term Brain Disorders in Post Covid-19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS) Patient
2021
In the recent pandemic disease, called COVID-19, the role of neurologists and neurobiologists represents a chance to study key features of brain infection and deepen neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections. In fact, many studies suggest brain damage during infection and persistent neurological symptoms after COVID-19 infection. Reverse transcription PCR test, antibody tests, Computed Tomography (CT) of the lung, and Magnetic Resonance (MR) of the brain of the patient were periodically performed during this case report for eight months after infection. The aim of this article is to describe the prolonged neurological clinical consequences related to COVID-19.…
the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV
2020
A critical comorbidity of HIV infection is HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is an effective treatment in blocking systemic viral replication, it is unsuccessful in reducing the incidence of HAND. HIV CNS damage, in the current cART era, can be associated to the presence of latently HIV-infected cells including microglia/macrophages and a small population of astrocytes. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on identifying, localizing, and quantifying viral reservoirs using an improved staining and microscopy technique. Although in low amount, our data confirmed that microglia/macrophages and a small population of astrocytes are still infecte…
Introducing 1,5 T MRgFUS
2015
MRgFUS is a new noninvasive thermal ablation method, consisting of a high focused ultrasound beam and a MR scanner for imaging and real-time thermal mapping. For decades, therapeutic transcranial ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) was assumed impossible. Novel technology using high-power phased array transducers and multiple channel driving electronics enabled a sharp focal point in the planned target through the intact skull allowing the use of this innovative technology for functional neurosurgery. Preliminary results have been published with systems operating with 3T MR units on patients with neurologic disorders such as essential tremor, tremor dominant idiopathic Parkinson's disease and neuropathic…
Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
2020
Exposure to ambient air pollution is a well-established determinant of health and disease. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health concludes that air pollution is the leading environmental cause of global disease and premature death. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that links air pollution not only to adverse cardiorespiratory effects but also to increased risk of cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, overall, there is mounting recent evidence showing that exposure to multiple air pollutants, in particular to fine particles, may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and brain health, thereby contributing to …
Activation of mGlu3 Receptors Stimulates the Production of GDNF in Striatal Neurons
2009
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been considered potential targets for the therapy of experimental parkinsonism. One hypothetical advantage associated with the use of mGlu receptor ligands is the lack of the adverse effects typically induced by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, such as sedation, ataxia, and severe learning impairment. Low doses of the mGlu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, LY379268 (0.25-3 mg/kg, i.p.) increased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA and protein levels in the mouse brain, as assessed by in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. This increase was prominent in the striatum, …