Search results for "Neuron"
showing 10 items of 2611 documents
Odorants' metabolism in Human: a critical role in odor perception revealed
2018
Functional analysis of broadly tuned odorant receptors expressed in the mouse septal organ through patch-clamp recordings in an intact preparation an…
2010
The septal organ (SO) is a small island of olfactory epithelium located at the ventral base of the nasal septum. SO neurons express identified odorant receptors, but its function remains unknown. Using perforated patch clamp recordings, we investigated the response properties of SO neurons in the intact epithelium of mice to a panel of 45 odorants or mixtures. Out of 328 neurons tested, approximately 70% responded to odor stimulation. Among the responsive neurons, 72.5 % responded to multiple odorants. Responding neurons were tested with increasing concentrations of 3 odorants (octanoic acid, (+) camphor, amylacetate) and a mixture (fox urine). Dose-response curves show nanomolar threshold …
The odour of human milk: Its chemical variability and detection by newborns
2019
International audience; Human milk odour has for long elicited research interest with regard to its function in breastfeeding initiation. The present review aims to provide an overview of the behavioural effects of human milk odour in the human neonate, considering different types of response measures in a feeding or non-feeding context. Further, an overview of the current knowledge of odorant composition and factors influencing milk odour is provided by summarizing results from analytical studies using olfactometry, and addressing changes in milk odour due to storage, lactational stage, and maternal dietary intake of odorous substances. We finally highlight some issues for future research.
Disrupting neural activity related to awake-state sharp wave-ripple complexes prevents hippocampal learning
2012
Oscillations in hippocampal local-field potentials (LFPs) reflect the crucial involvement of the hippocampus in memory trace formation: theta (4–8 Hz) oscillations and ripples (~200 Hz) occurring during sharp waves are thought to mediate encoding and consolidation, respectively. During sharp wave-ripple complexes (SPW-Rs), hippocampal cell firing closely follows the pattern that took place during the initial experience, most likely reflecting replay of that event. Disrupting hippocampal ripples using electrical stimulation either during training in awake animals or during sleep after training retards spatial learning. Here, adult rabbits were trained in trace eyeblink conditioning, a hippoc…
Activation of the p38MAPK cascade is associated with upregulation of TNF alpha receptors in the spinal motor neurons of mouse models of familial ALS.
2005
Phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), but not activated c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), increases in the motor neurons of transgenic mice overexpressing ALS-linked SOD1 mutants at different stages of the disease. This effect is associated with a selective increase of phosphorylated MKK3-6, MKK4 and ASK1 and a concomitant upregulation of the TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2), but not IL1beta and Fas receptors. Activation of both p38 MAPK and JNK occurs in the activated microglial cells of SOD1 mutant mice at the advanced stage of the disease; however, this effect is not accompanied by the concomitant activation of the upstream kinases ASK1 and MKK3,4,6, while both …
p73 deficiency results in impaired self renewal and premature neuronal differentiation of mouse neural progenitors independently of p53
2010
10 p.-5 fig.
Induction of neuronal plasticity during adulthood. Role of cortical interneurons and plasticity-related molecules.
2019
La complejidad del sistema nervioso de los vertebrados representa un reto a la hora de conocer su funcionamiento. Hace ya más de cien años que se postuló la neurona como unidad básica de procesamiento, generación y transmisión de la información a través de este sistema, y, con el paso de los años, ha evolucionado el conocimiento sobre esta unidad funcional. La idea clásica del sistema nervioso central (SNC) adulto es la de un tejido asombrosamente interconectado y complejo, pero prácticamente inmutable y muy poco adaptable a los cambios. No obstante, esta visión se ha ido desplazando, formándose una nueva idea del SNC adulto que, aunque de manera más limitada que durante el desarrollo, tamb…
Three decades of pheromonal research in Drosophila: some answers and many questions
2012
International audience; Over the last 30 years, pheromonal research in Drosophila has considerably expanded from the pioneering characterization of contact sex-pheromones in D. melanogaster adults1 right up to the recent discovery of the receptor proteins for these compounds.2,. The two sides of pheromonal communication – production and perception – have been explored using molecular, genetic, cellular, biochemical, physiological, ethological and evolutionary approaches3. Developmental and environmental effects on hydrocarbon production and the mechanisms underlying the plasticity of their perception have been also investigated3. Over the past few years, there has been a particular focus on…
Składniki tworzyw sztucznych zaburzające funkcje układu nerwowego
2013
Rozwój przemysłu chemicznego spowodował opracowywanie nowych związków chemicznych niewystępujących w środowisku naturalnym. Substancje te spełniają różnorodne funkcje, takie jak obniżenie palności, zwiększenie plastyczności czy poprawienie rozpuszczalności innych substancji. Wiele związków wchodzących w skład tworzyw sztucznych, kosmetyków nowej generacji, aparatury medycznej, opakowań spożywczych oraz innych produktów codziennego użytku, z łatwością uwalniają się do środowiska naturalnego. Liczne badania wykazały, że substancje, takie jak: ftalany, BPA, TBBPA oraz PCB charakteryzują się znaczną lipofilnością dzięki czemu w łatwy sposób wnikają do żywych komórek oraz akumulują się w tkankac…
Conséquences d'un régime diabétogène enrichi en fructose sur la muqueuse olfactive : aspects anatomiques, fonctionnels et comportementaux
2015
The influence of metabolic status on olfactory processes has been thoroughly investigated over the last few years. Both nutritional status and hormones implicated in food metabolism can effectively modulate the olfactory system from the single neuron to the behavior. Thus, it seems likely that metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) can induce olfactory dysfunctions. In fact T2D patients display poor olfactory performances however the effects of diabetes in itself (as well as underlying mechanisms) are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the modulation of olfaction in young adult male mice caused by a high-fructose diet (HFruD) inducing T2D in rodents. Animals displayed …