Search results for "Neuronal"
showing 10 items of 556 documents
Congenital malformations and perinatal morbidity associated with intestinal neuronal dysplasia.
1998
A close relation between different forms of dysganglionosis such as intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) type B and aganglionosis has been established. No systematic analysis of other malformations and diseases accompanying IND has been made as yet. Congenital malformations and perinatal morbidity were analyzed in 109 patients with IND seen at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Mainz from 1977 to 1996. IND was associated with Hirschsprung's disease in 47 cases; 22 children with IND had other abdominal malformations, including anal atresia, rectal stenosis, sigmoidal stenosis, ileal atresia, pyloric stenosis, and esophageal atresia. A cystic bowel duplication, a choledochal cyst, and a pe…
The clinical relevance of non-classified dysganglionoses and implications for a new grading system
2001
In addition to the classified types of dysganglionosis, certain non-classified dysganglionoses (NCD) (types 1-4) were introduced by Meier-Ruge in 1992. Clinical data on these conditions are limited. Among 134 children with intestinal dysganglionoses (ID) treated from 1979 to 1999, 12 were identified to have a NCD. Their clinical course is presented. The existence of mild ID (type 1) is difficult to demonstrate. Current definitions and data on clinical relevance are not convincing. An indication for surgical treatment is not present. Isolated hypogenesis of the submucous plexus (SMP) (type 2, n = 8) is clinically a more severe kind of intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B and often requires e…
Serotonergic modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release after long-term neuronal grafting
2000
Adult female rats sustained aspirative fimbria-fornix lesions and, 2 weeks later, received intrahippocampal grafts of fetal septal or mixed septal-raphe cell suspensions. Twenty-four months later, the extracellular concentration of hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) was determined by microdialysis. Basal ACh levels (5-65 fmol/5 microl sham-operated rats) were strongly reduced after lesioning (3-7 fmol/5 microl). In septally transplanted and septal-raphe co-transplanted rats, hippocampal ACh concentrations were restored to near-normal levels (15-25 fmol/5 microl), indicating long-term functional survival of hippocampal transplants. After administration of citalopram (100 microM by infusion) and…
Autonomic nervous control of the urinary bladder
2013
The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of the urinary bladder function. Under physiological circumstances, noradrenaline, acting mainly on β(3) -adrenoceptors in the detrusor and on α(1) (A) -adrenoceptors in the bladder outflow tract, promotes urine storage, whereas neuronally released acetylcholine acting mainly on M(3) receptors promotes bladder emptying. Under pathophysiological conditions, however, this system may change in several ways. Firstly, there may be plasticity at the levels of innervation and receptor expression and function. Secondly, non-neuronal acetylcholine synthesis and release from the urothelium may occur during the storage phase, leadi…
Metabolic control of respiratory neuronal activity and the accompanying changes in breathing movements of the rabbit
1976
Expiratory-related neurons have been classified according to their phase relation within the respiratory cycle, their response to lung distension and collapse (α- and β-type), and to hyperventilation (tonic firing denoted by “+”, cessation of activity by “−”). The dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata was superfused with a metabolite-containing CSF solution and the activity of expiratory (E) and inspiratory-expiratory (IE) neurons was extracellularly recorded. The neuronal sub-types established by their functional behaviour could equally be distinguished by their differential response to one or several metabolites. In contrast to inspiratory (I) neurons, E − α , E + β , E − β and IE − β n…
BDNF is essentially required for the early postnatal survival of nociceptors
2010
AbstractNeurotrophins promote the survival of specific types of neurons during development and ensure proper maintenance and function of mature responsive neurons. Significant effects of BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) on pain physiology have been reported but the contribution of this neurotrophin to the development of nociceptors has not been investigated. We present evidence that BDNF is required for the survival of a significant fraction of peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) postnatally. Bdnf homozygous mutant mice lose approximately half of all nociceptive neurons during the first 2 weeks of life and adult heterozygotes exhibit hypoalgesia …
Neurochemistry of identified motoneurons of the tensor tympani muscle in rat middle ear
2008
The objective of the present study was to identify efferent and afferent transmitters of motoneurons of the tensor tympani muscle (MoTTM) to gain more insight into the neuronal regulation of the muscle. To identify MoTTM, we injected the fluorescent neuronal tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the muscle after preparation of the middle ear in adult rats. Upon terminal uptake and retrograde neuronal transport, we observed FG in neurons located lateral and ventrolateral to the motor trigeminal nucleus ipsilateral to the injection site. Immunohistochemical studies of these motoneurons showed that apparently all contained choline acetyltransferase, demonstrating their motoneuronal character. Different…
Release of non-neuronal acetylcholine from the isolated human placenta is affected by antidepressants.
2007
Non-neuronal acetylcholine (ACh) is released from the human placenta into the extracellular space via organic cation transporters (OCTs). The present experiments investigated whether ACh release from epithelial cells is affected by drugs which are substrates of OCTs. The antidepressant drugs amitriptyline and doxepine were tested as both substances are not approved for pregnant women but frequently used. Release of ACh was measured in 10 min intervals over a period of 100 min. Test substances were added from t=50 min of incubation onwards. The effect was calculated by comparing the ACh release of the last three samples (t=70-100 min; B2) with that immediately before the application of the t…
The pharmacological rationale for combining muscarinic receptor antagonists and beta-adrenoceptor agonists in the treatment of airway and bladder dis…
2014
Highlights • Muscarinic receptors increase smooth muscle tone in airways and urinary bladder. • β-Adrenoceptors relax smooth muscle tone and oppose muscarinic contraction. • Opposition involves transmitter release, signal transduction and receptor expression. • This supports the combined use of muscarinic antagonists and β-adrenoceptor agonists.
Mutations in genes regulating neuronal migration predict reduced prefrontal cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a preliminary study
2006
El artículo se basa en la presentación de un póster en International Society on Brain and Behaviour: 2nd International Congress on Brain and Behaviour Thessaloniki, Greece. 17–20 November 2005