Search results for "Neuropeptide"
showing 10 items of 194 documents
A polymorphic locus in the intron 16 of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is not correlated with complex regional pain syndrome I (C…
2004
Exaggerated neurogenic inflammation has been recognized to be one reason for many CRPS symptoms. Since angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme for the termination of neurogenic inflammation, it has been selected as a candidate gene for CRPS predisposition. A previous report of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 16 within the ACE gene implicated an increased risk to develop CRPS I associated with the D allele. However, in the present study the D allele frequency was not increased in CRPS I cases (0.51 for D allele, 0.49 for I allele). Furthermore, there was no co-segregation of any genotype (DD, ID, II) with the CRPS phenotype in 12 selected familial CRPS I cases …
Aspartoacylase-lacZ knockin mice: an engineered model of Canavan disease.
2011
Canavan Disease (CD) is a recessive leukodystrophy caused by loss of function mutations in the gene encoding aspartoacylase (ASPA), an oligodendrocyte-enriched enzyme that hydrolyses N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to acetate and aspartate. The neurological phenotypes of different rodent models of CD vary considerably. Here we report on a novel targeted aspa mouse mutant expressing the bacterial β-Galactosidase (lacZ) gene under the control of the aspa regulatory elements. X-Gal staining in known ASPA expression domains confirms the integrity of the modified locus in heterozygous aspa lacZ-knockin (aspa(lacZ/+)) mice. In addition, abundant ASPA expression was detected in Schwann cells. Homozygous (…
Glucagon-like peptide-1 modulates neurally evoked mucosal chloride secretion in guinea pig small intestine in vitro
2011
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) acts at the G protein-coupled receptor, GLP-1R, to stimulate secretion of insulin and to inhibit secretion of glucagon and gastric acid. Involvement in mucosal secretory physiology has received negligible attention. We aimed to study involvement of GLP-1 in mucosal chloride secretion in the small intestine. Ussing chamber methods, in concert with transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS), were used to study actions on neurogenic chloride secretion. ELISA was used to study GLP-1R effects on neural release of acetylcholine (ACh). Intramural localization of GLP-1R was assessed with immunohistochemistry. Application of GLP-1 to serosal or mucosal sides of fla…
Alterations in striatal neuropeptide mRNA produced by repeated administration of L-DOPA, ropinirole or bromocriptine correlate with dyskinesia induct…
2002
Chronic administration of L-DOPA to MPTP-treated common marmosets induces marked dyskinesia while repeated administration of equivalent antiparkisonian doses of ropinirole and bromocriptine produces only mild involuntary movements. The occurrence of dyskinesia has been associated with an altered balance between the direct and indirect striatal output pathways. Using in situ hybridisation histochemistry, we now compare the effects of these drug treatments on striatal preproenkephalin-A (PPE-A) and adenosine A(2a) receptor mRNA expression as markers of the indirect pathway and striatal preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA and preproenkephalin-B (PPE-B, prodynorphin) mRNA expression as markers of the d…
Modification of the rat aortic wall during ageing; possible relation with decrease of peptidergic innervation.
2002
Structural changes of the male rat aorta were followed from birth to old age in male and female rats. In males, the vessel media width and area progressively increase concomitantly with a decrease of nuclei density during ageing, suggesting an hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells. These correlations were however not evidenced in females. TUNEL-positive cells were found in media of 4 and 6 months in both sexes, mainly on the luminal side and in the adventitia. When biochemical markers were investigated with immunohistochemistry, media was uniformly stained by the anti-vimentin and anti-alpha-smooth actin at all stages investigated. On the contrary, the surface of media stained with anti-de…
Non-granule PSA-NCAM immunoreactive neurons in the rat hippocampus
2002
The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) continues to be expressed in the adult hippocampus, mainly in a subset of neurons located in the innermost portion of the granule cell layer. PSA-NCAM immunoreactive neurons have also been described outside this layer in humans, where they are severely reduced in schizophrenic brains. Given this important clinical implication, we were interested in finding whether similar neurons existed in the adult rat hippocampus and to characterize their distribution, morphology and phenotype. PSA-NCAM immunocytochemistry reveals labeled neurons in the subiculum, fimbria, alveus, hilus, and stratum oriens, lucidum and radiatum of CA…
Brain met-enkephalin immunostaining after subacute and subchronic exposure to benzene
1994
Benzene is used in a wide variety of domestic and occupational activities, and due to its lipophilic nature, it accumulates in lipid-rich tissues like the brain. In this sense, neurotoxic action has long been associated with organic solvent exposure and it has been shown that benzene, injected in a single dose or during a prolongued administration, modifies the content of dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and its main metabolite 5-hydroxy indolacetic acid, in several brain regions of the rat, then revealing a stimulating action on brain monoamine synthesis and turnover. However, information concerning neurotoxic action of benzene exposure in vivo on peptidergic neuromodulatory systems is s…
Modulation by opioids and by afferent sensory neurones of prostanoid protection of the rat gastric mucosa.
1992
1. Pretreatment with capsaicin, to deplete sensory neuropeptides from primary afferent neurones or the administration of morphine (9 mg kg-1, i.v.), which can inhibit neuropeptide release, augmented gastric mucosal injury induced by a 5 min challenge with intragastric ethanol in the rat, as assessed by macroscopic and histological evaluation. 2. Morphine administration substantially attenuated the protective actions of the prostaglandin analogue 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm PGE2; 0.5-20 micrograms kg-1, p.o.) against ethanol-induced damage. This reduced degree of protection by dmPGE2 was not however, the consequence of the enhanced level of damage. 3. These actions of morphine in red…
Changes in pulmonary calcitonin gene-related peptide and protein gene product 9.5 innervation in rats infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis.
1996
Changes in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and polyneural protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) in hilar peribronchial innervation was investigated by immunohistochemistry in specific pathogen-free rats chronically infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis. Image analysis of immunostained sections revealed a reduction of approximately 62% in the amount of CGRP- and PGP-immunoreactive innervation of the peribronchial area in the infected animals. The portion of the total bronchial perimeter occupied by bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was increased six-fold. The decrease in the CGRP-immunoreactive area could be the result either of an enhanced CGRP release or of a loss of nerve …
Photoperiod effects on bombesin- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus)
1991
The immunocytochemical distribution of the putative satiety peptides bombesin (BBS) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were studied in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of male and female Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) held under either long (light/dark, LD 16:8 h) or short (LD 8:16) photoperiod. The animals were killed by perfusion with a fixative at the middle of the light period and the tissue was processed by routine immunohistochemical methods. Perikarya exhibiting BBS- or CCK-like immunoreactivity (LI) were found in the SCN of animals of all groups. Sex-related differences were not observed. In contrast, long-term exposure to short days decreased the number of neurons exhi…