Search results for "Nicotine"

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

2015

Abstract Background Further evidence suggests that repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective method to reduce tobacco craving among smokers. Hypothesis As relapse is common within a few days after smoking cessation, we hypothesized that combining the anti-craving effects of rTMS with Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to attenuate withdrawal symptoms could increase abstinence rates in smokers with severe nicotine dependence who quit smoking. Methods Thirty-seven smokers who failed to quit with the usual treatments were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to receive either active ( n  = 18) or sham ( n  = 19) 1-Hz rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cort…

Rapid method for analysis of nicotine and nicotine-related substances in chewing gum formulations

1998

Abstract Based on environmental requirements and demands for a high throughput a rapid method for the analysis of nicotine and nicotine-related substances in chewing gum formulations was developed. The method is based on sample preparation through liquid–liquid extraction followed by reversed-phase HPLC using gradient elution. It allowed up to nine analytes to be determined within 15 min, including the sample preparation, and was considered as accurate and robust.

Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes

2020

Abstract Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of non-communicable disease globally and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lung disease. Importantly, recent data by the World Health Organizations (WHO) indicate that in the last two decades global tobacco use has significantly dropped, which was largely driven by decreased numbers of female smokers. Despite such advances, the use of e-cigarettes and waterpipes (shisha, hookah, narghile) is an emerging trend, especially among younger generations. There is growing body of evidence that e-cigarettes are not a harm-free alternative to tobacco cigarettes and there is considerable debate as to whether e-cigarettes are saving …

Fourier-transform infrared determination of nicotine in tobacco samples by transmittance measurements after leaching with CHCl3

1998

Abstract A new procedure is proposed for the FT-IR spectrometric determination of nicotine in tobacco. The method is based on the extraction of nicotine in CHCl 3 from tobacco samples, wetted with an aqueous solution of NH 3 (0.1 M), and the measurement of absorbance in the stopped-flow mode at 1316 cm −1 , using a spectral baseline correction established from 1334 to 1300 cm −1 . The procedure developed does not requires a complex sample preparation, and provides a limit of detection of 0.045 mg ml −1 nicotine, a sampling frequency of 3.3 h −1 and a coefficient of variation of 0.3% for five independent measurements of a tobacco sample with a nicotine content of 1.5% w/w. The accuracy of th…

Serotonin-Dopamine interaction in Nicotine Addiction: Focus on 5-HT2C Receptors

2012

Central dopaminergic systems play a critical role in the regulation of normal and abnormal behaviors. Recent evidence suggests that a dysfunction of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter systems contribute to various pathological conditions. Substantial evidence indicates that the mesolimbic pathway, particularly the DA cells innervating accumbal areas, is implicated in the reward value of both natural and drug reinforcers, such as sexual behavior or psychostimulants, respectively. Nicotine, the major psychoactive agent present in tobacco, acts as a potent addictive drug both in humans and laboratory animals. The locomotor activation and the reinforcing effects of nicotine may…

Response to Agomelatine Treatment is Independent of Smoking Status and Dosage: Results From the AGOPSYCH Study.

2018

Abstract Introduction Cigarette smoking influences response to antidepressant treatment. It accelerates the metabolism of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes, including CYP1A2, and therefore bears the risk of pharmacokinetic interactions with psychotropic drugs using that pathway. Agomelatine is a substrate of CYP1A2; the association between nicotine use and agomelatine dosage, however, has never been studied before. Methods Smoking habits were correlated with agomelatine doses and treatment outcomes in a sample of 27 patients with lifetime diagnoses within the schizophrenia spectrum who received agomelatine treatment in addition to their stable antipsychotic treatment regimen because of…

Neurobiological mechanisms of the reinstatement of drug-conditioned place preference.

2009

Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by a high rate of relapse following detoxification. There are two main versions of the reinstatement model that are employed to study relapse to drug abuse; one based on the operant self-administration procedure, and the other on the classical conditioned place preference procedure. In the last seven years, the use of the latter version has become more widespread, and the results obtained complement those obtained in self-administration studies. It has been observed that the conditioned place preference induced by opioids, psychostimulants, nicotine, ethanol and other drugs of abuse can be extinguished and reinstated by drug priming or expo…

The non-neuronal cholinergic system

2012

Lateral Habenula contribution in nicotine addiction: Focus on dopamine, GABA and serotonin interactions

2011

Compelling evidence has shown a pivotal role of dopaminergic function in drug addiction. Recently, the Habenula (Hb) has attracted a great deal of attention as another target for nicotine in the brain because of its role in regulating dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin (5-HT) systems. Nicotine acts binding to acetylcholine receptors that are widely distributed in the brain. Interestingly, the receptor subtypes that mediate nicotine withdrawal responses are highly expressed in the Hb. Moreover, the block of habenular nicotinic receptors in animals chronically treated with nicotine enhances withdrawal responses once nicotine is discontinued. Furthermore, it has been s…

Meta-analysis and imputation refines the association of 15q25 with smoking quantity.

2010

Smoking is a leading global cause of disease and mortality(1). We established the Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline study (Ox-GSK) to perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of SNP association with smoking-related behavioral traits. Our final data set included 41,150 individuals drawn from 20 disease, population and control cohorts. Our analysis confirmed an effect on smoking quantity at a locus on 15q25 (P = 9.45 x 10(-19)) that includes CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4, three genes encoding neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits. We used data from the 1000 Genomes project to investigate the region using imputation, which allowed for analysis of virtually all common SNPs in the region and offered a …