Search results for "Nisin"

In vivo toxicity studies of fusarium mycotoxins in the last decade: a review.

2015

This review summarizes the information regarding the in vivo studies of Fusarium mycotoxins in the last decade. The most common studies are classified as subacute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, acute toxicity, toxicokinetic studies and teratogenicity in order of importance. The most used animals in in vivo studies are pigs, rats, chickens and mice. Fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, nivalenol and T-2 toxin are the most studied fusarotoxins. Studies with combinations of mycotoxins are also frequent, deoxynivalenol generally being one of them. The predominant route of administration is oral, administered mostly in the form of naturally contaminated feed. Other administration routes al…

Antifungal activity of gaseous allyl, benzyl and phenyl isothiocyanate in vitro and their use for fumonisins reduction in bread

2013

Abstract Fumonisins (FBs) are toxins produced mainly by the molds Fusarium verticillioides (synonym Fusarium moniliforme ) and Fusarium proliferatum . These mycotoxins are contaminants of wheat, maize, maize-based foods and other grains worldwide. FB 1 , the most abundant and toxic metabolite, is known to cause a range of species-specific toxic responses. It has been associated with a high incidence of esophageal cancer in the Transkei region of South Africa and some provinces of China. In addition, FB 1 has been declared a class 2B carcinogen or “possibly carcinogenic to humans”. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are natural compounds produced by enzymatic conversion of metabolites called glucosinola…

Conventional and Real-Time PCR Assays for Detection and Quantification of the Expression of Fumonisin Biosynthetic Genefum5 inFusarium verticillioides

2008

Occurrence of fumonisins in foods

2004

Fumonisins (FB) are synthesized mainly by different species of the genus Fusarium and FB1 is the predominating fumonisin isolated in foods. FB1 shows different toxicological effects in humans and animals and has been associated with esophageal cancer in different countries. This review presents an overview of the worldwide occurrence of fumonisins in crops and human foods being corn and corn meal the most contaminated foods, and reviews variations of the presence of these mycotoxins in foods and in agricultural crops. In foods, these variations are due to the alkaline solutions, water and temperature. For agricultural crops, the role of climatic conditions and latitude, genotypes, spoilage …

Open Field Study of Some Zea mays Hybrids, Lipid Compounds and Fumonisins Accumulation

2015

Lipid molecules are increasingly recognized as signals exchanged by organisms interacting in pathogenic and/or symbiotic ways. Some classes of lipids actively determine the fate of the interactions. Host cuticle/cell wall/membrane components such as sphingolipids and oxylipins may contribute to determining the fate of host–pathogen interactions. In the present field study, we considered the relationship between specific sphingolipids and oxylipins of different hybrids of Zea mays and fumonisin by F. verticillioides, sampling ears at different growth stages from early dough to fully ripe. The amount of total and free fumonisin differed significantly between hybrids and increased significantl…

Characterization of Gibberella fujikuroi complex isolates by fumonisin B-1 and B-2 analysis and by RAPD and restriction analysis of PCR-amplified int…

2000

Summary Twenty nine isolates of Fusarium spp. (twenty four of them belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi complex) isolated from banana and corn from different geographical regions were analyzed for their ability to produce fumonisins B 1 and B 2 and for genetic relatedness using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction analysis of PCR amplification products of the 5.8s ribosomal DNA-intervening internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS I-5.8S-ITS II). For RAPD analysis, six of twenty oligonucleotide primers were selected after testing with five Fusarium spp. isolates and used to characterize 24 additional isolates. DNA fragments from the 29 isolates of Fusarium spp., which wer…

Occurrence of fumonisins in organic and conventional cereal-based products commercialized in France, Germany and Spain

2013

A fast and effective method for quantitative determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2) in different cereal-based products was developed. Fumonisins were extracted combining a solid liquid extraction (SLE) pre-treatment and immunoaffinity columns (IACs), which were applied for an effective clean-up. Consecutively, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (QTrap®) was used for the separation, detection and quantification of targeted mycotoxins. The analytical method showed acceptable recoveries ranged from 89.7% to 99.1%, as well as a relative standard deviation (%, RSD) lower than 12%. A total of 1250 samples f…

Proprietà di film antimicrobici a base di EVA preparati tramite filmatura in bolla

2010

Imballaggi antimicrobici estrusi

2010

Una ricerca interculturale in Sicilia: l'innamoramento vissuto dagli adolescenti tunisini nati a Mazara del Vallo

2011

Si presenta una ricerca avviata nell’autunno del 2009. Il problema dell’educazione affettiva degli adolescenti emerge quando avviene il primo innamoramento. Tale fenomeno mostra come sia andata fino a quel momento l’educazione dei sentimenti e lascia presupporre che cosa bisogna ancora fare per portarla a compimento. Si è voluto indagare, sia pure con uno strumento che non scava in profondità ma si accontenta della sincerità delle risposte, il modo in cui gli adolescenti tunisini nati in Sicilia vivono il fenomeno del primo innamoramento e i cambiamenti che tale fenomeno determina negli adolescenti che lo vivono e nel loro più immediato intorno sociale. Si espongono i risultati relativi agl…