Search results for "Normal"
showing 10 items of 2571 documents
Multiscaling and the classification of continuous phase transitions
1992
Multiscaling of the free energy is obtained by generalizing the classification of phase transitions proposed by Ehrenfest. The free energy is found to obey a new generalized scaling form which contains as special cases standard and multiscaling forms. The results are obtained by analytic continuation from the classification scheme of Ehrenfest.
Intensity-invariant nonlinear filtering for detection in camouflage.
2005
We introduce a method based on an orthonormal vector space basis representation to detect camouflaged targets in natural environments. The method is intensity invariant so that camouflaged targets are detected independently of the illumination conditions. The detection technique does not require one to know the exact camouflage pattern, but only the class of patterns (e.g., foliage, netting, woods). We use nonlinear filtering and the calculation of several correlations. The nonlinearity of the filtering process also allows high discrimination against false targets. Several experiments confirm the target detectability where strong camouflage might delude even human viewers.
Normal Coulomb Frames in $${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$$
2012
Now we consider two-dimensional surfaces immersed in Euclidean spaces \({\mathbb{R}}^{n+2}\) of arbitrary dimension. The construction of normal Coulomb frames turns out to be more intricate and requires a profound analysis of nonlinear elliptic systems in two variables. The Euler–Lagrange equations of the functional of total torsion are identified as non-linear elliptic systems with quadratic growth in the gradient, and, more exactly, the nonlinearity in the gradient is of so-called curl-type, while the Euler–Lagrange equations appear in a div-curl-form. We discuss the interplay between curvatures of the normal bundles and torsion properties of normal Coulomb frames. It turns out that such …
Clinical, pathologic, and genetic features of massive soft tissue neurofibromas in a Sicilian patient
2008
Abstract CONTEXT: Lipase maturation factor 1 (LMF1) gene is a novel candidate gene in severe hypertriglyceridemia. Lmf1 is involved in the maturation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase in endoplasmic reticulum. To date only one patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia and related disorders was found to be homozygous for a nonsense mutation in LMF1 gene (Y439X). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate LMF1 gene in hypertriglyceridemic patients in whom mutations in LPL, APOC2, and APOA5 genes had been excluded. RESULTS: The resequencing of LMF1 gene led to the discovery of a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in one patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia and rec…
640-Slice CT Measurement of Superior Orbital Fissure as Gateway for Light into the Brain: Statistical Evaluation of Area and Distance.
2016
Objective Our aim was to provide normative data concerning superior orbital fissure area (SOFA), ocular skin and the substantia nigra (D-SS) and orbital fissure and the substantia nigra (D-SOF-S) distances by CT scan in adult Caucasian population. Methods The area of the superior orbital fissure (SOF), the distance between the ocular skin and the substantia nigra and the distance between the superior orbital fissure and the substantia nigra using CT and 3D-CT images. Results Normative data stratified for age and gender were obtained. The data here reported show that some degree of variability in SOFA, D-SS and D-SOF-S measurements can be observed healthy Caucasian subjects. Gender stratifie…
A Comparison of Special Bonding Techniques for Transmission and Distribution Cables under Normal and Fault Conditions
2021
In this article, a review of the existing special bonding techniques for medium voltage and high-voltage cables is presented. Special bonding techniques have the purpose of reducing sheath currents, thereby limiting copper losses and the reduction of the ampacity of cables. The literature review shows various bonding techniques and how these have evolved over the years thanks to new technologies. Simulations of each technique are performed in MATLAB/Simulink, to compare their strengths and drawbacks both under normal conditions and in the presence of a single-line-to-ground fault.
Infinitely Divisible Distributions
2020
For every n, the normal distribution with expectation μ and variance σ 2 is the nth convolution power of a probability measure (namely of the normal distribution with expectation μ/n and variance σ 2/n). This property is called infinite divisibility and is shared by other probability distributions such as the Poisson distribution and the Gamma distribution. In the first section, we study which probability measures on the real line are infinitely divisible and give an exhaustive description of this class of distributions by means of the Levy–Khinchin formula.
Brief Introduction to Probability Distributions
2014
There is a great deal of uncertainty in any project. That is, data is seldom absolutely reliable and exact, since there is never certainty about duration of tasks, price variations, effect on the environment, etc., to say nothing about those aspects which are external to the project and for which the project developer has no control, such as weather conditions, demand, stock fluctuations, inflation, supplier’s delays, etc. It is believed that many projects are not completed in time and finish with cost overrun, because in their preparation, data is taken as unquestionable, and then actual conditions show that it is not precisely the case. For this reason the uncertainty aspect has to be con…
Impact of Stock Price Jumps on Option Values
1999
Many empirical papers document the fact that the distribution of stock returns exhibits fatter tails than would be expected from a normal distribution. This might explain some of the pricing biases of the Black/Scholes model, which is] based on a normal return distribution. Given this result, alternative option pricing models should be based on one of the following three classes of return models: (1) a stationary process, such as a paretian stable or a student’s t-distribution, (2) a mixture of stationary distributions, such as two normal distributions with different means or variances, or a mixture of a diflusion and a pure jump process, or (3) a distribution such as a normal distribution …
Artificial driving cycles for the evaluation of energetic needs of electric vehicles
2012
International audience; This article presents a novel method to simulate artificial driving cycles that have the same significant characteristics as measured driving cycles. The driving cycles are based on only two different easily accessible parameters namely mean velocity and mean positive acceleration as well as their standard variations. Those parameters allow to adapt the driving cycles to different cycle types (urban, extra urban, highway), length and duration. Other than know drive cycle simulators, the approach is based on normal distribution of velocities and accelerations, thus needing to analyze only few cycles for the initialization.