Search results for "Nuclease"

showing 10 items of 270 documents

Redox regulation of genome stability by effects on gene expression, epigenetic pathways and DNA damage/repair

2015

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g. H2O2, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In addition, classical regulation of gene expression or activity, including gene transcription to RNA followed by translation to the protein level, by transcription factors (e.g. NF-κB, HIF-1α) and mRNA binding proteins (e.g. GAPDH, HuR) is subject to redox regulation. This review will give an update of recent discoveries in this field, and specifically highlight the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on DNA repair systems that contribute to genomic stability. Emphasis will be placed …

Genome instabilityRedox signalingRNA UntranslatedEpigenetic regulation of neurogenesisDNA RepairHuR mRNA-binding protein in the 3′-untranslated regionClinical BiochemistryHDAC histone deacetylaseReview ArticleAP-1 activator protein 1BiochemistryApe-1 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1GPx-1 glutathione peroxidase-1Epigenesis GeneticHistonesTrx thioredoxinPHD prolylhydroxylaseBER base excision repairlcsh:QH301-705.5HO-1 heme oxygenase-1EpigenomicsGeneticsRegulation of gene expressionNox member of the NADPH oxidase familylcsh:R5-920JmjC Jumonji C domain-containing histone demethylasesHIF-1α hypoxia inducible factor-1α5-hmC 5-hydroxymethylcytosineddc:Cell biologyMMP matrix metalloproteinaseGrx glutaredoxinGAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseNrf2 nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2DNA methylationEpigeneticslcsh:Medicine (General)Oxidation-ReductionSignal Transduction5-mC 5-methylcytosineDNA repairDNA damageNF-κB nuclear factor-κBBiologyGenomic InstabilityRNS reactive nitrogen speciesROS reactive oxygen speciesNER nucleotide excision repairSOD superoxide dismutaseOxyR transcription factor (hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes activator)HumansEpigeneticsOrganic ChemistryPETN pentaerithrityl tetranitrateGene regulationOxidative StressDNMT DNA methyltransferaseGene Expression Regulationlcsh:Biology (General)AREs AU-rich elementsHAT histone acetyltransferaseKeap1 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1BiomarkersCOPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disorderDNA DamageRedox Biology
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Photolysis of N-hydroxpyridinethiones: a new source of hydroxyl radicals for the direct damage of cell-free and cellular DNA.

1996

N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione (2-HPT), known to release hydroxyl radicals on irradiation with visible light, and two related compounds, viz. N-hydroxypyridine-4-thione (4-HPT) and N-hydroxyacridine-9-thione (HAT), were tested for their potency to induce DNA damage in L1210 mouse leukemia cells and in isolated DNA from bacteriophage PM2. DNA single-strand breaks and modifications sensitive to various repair endonucleases (Fpg protein, endonuclease III, exonuclease III, T4 endonuclease V) were quantified. Illumination of cell-free DNA in the presence of 2-HPT and 4-HPT gave rise to damage profiles characteristic for hydroxyl radicals, i.e. single-strand breaks and the various endonuclease-sensit…

LightDNA damageCell SurvivalPyridinesRadicalFree radical damage to DNABiologychemistry.chemical_compoundEndonucleaseMiceSuperoxidesGeneticsTumor Cells CulturedAnimalsBacteriophagesLeukemia L1210chemistry.chemical_classificationExonuclease IIIReactive oxygen speciesEndodeoxyribonucleasesPhotolysisSinglet OxygenHydroxyl RadicalThionesDNAOxygenBiochemistrychemistryBiophysicsbiology.proteinAcridinesHydroxyl radicalReactive Oxygen SpeciesDNAResearch ArticleDNA Damage
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DNA binding, nuclease activity, DNA photocleavage and cytotoxic properties of Cu(II) complexes of N-substituted sulfonamides.

2013

Abstract Ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(NST)2(phen)] (1) and [Cu(NST)2(NH3)2]·H2O (2) [HNST = N-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)naphthalene-1-sulfonamide] were prepared and characterized by physico-chemical techniques. Both 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures show the presence of a distorted square planar CuN4 geometry in which the deprotonated sulfonamide, acting as monodentate ligand, binds to the metal ion through the thiazole N atom. Both complexes present intermolecular π–π stacking interactions between phenanthroline rings (compound 1) and between naphthalene rings (compound 2). The interaction of the complexes with CT DNA was studied b…

DenticityStereochemistryCell SurvivalUltraviolet RaysPhenanthrolineRadicalStackingAscorbic AcidNaphthalenesBiochemistryFluorescence spectroscopyInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundInhibitory Concentration 50Coordination ComplexesCell Line TumorAnimalsHumansDNA CleavageThiazoleNucleaseSulfonamidesBinding SitesbiologyCytotoxinsHydroxyl RadicalDNAHydrogen PeroxidePhotochemical ProcessesKineticschemistrybiology.proteinCattleDNACopperPhenanthrolinesJournal of inorganic biochemistry
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Metilazione del DNA in artrite reumatoide

2005

Lo stato di metilazione del DNA genomico e del gene PTHrP è stato valutato con tecniche molecolari e citogenetiche in artrite reumatoide (AR), patologia autoimmune caratterizzata anche da alta incidenza di linfomi e da ipercalcemia per overespressione del gene PTHrP. La metilazione del DNA, infatti, ha un ruolo critico nello sviluppo delle malattie neoplastiche; il gene PTHrP avendo tre promotori uno dei quali contiene un’isola CpG è un buon candidato per la deregolazione da alterato pattern di metilazione locale. Le indagini sulla metilazione genomica, condotte su DNA estratto da sangue periferico di pazienti e di donatori e amplificato in reazioni di Methylation-Sensitive Arbitrarily Prim…

Settore BIO/18 - Geneticainstead chromosomes of controls were almost uniformly decorated by brilliant grains. Studies on methylation of PTHrP gene promoter 2 performed on five CpG island internal sites using the Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Endonuclease Multiplex (MSREM)-PCR showed that one of the sites nearest the trascription starting point is heavy methylated in a significantly high number of RA patients. Thus RA seems to be characterized by genomewide hypomethylation associated with local hypermethylation like the most part of tumors. This result raises the possibility that susceptibility to lymphomas is related to abnormal DNA methylation levels and suggests the opportunity to evaluate the DNA methylation status in RA patientin fact the demethylating therapies together with diet and life style can act towards an increase of tumor risk. Future studies using a larger number of subjects could confirm these findings.Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by high recurrence of lymphomas as well as hypercalcemia due to PTHrP overexpression. Because of DNA methylation plays a critical role in development of neoplasias we determined in RA patients the global DNA methylation status and local methylation pattern of the CpG island of one of the three promoters of PTHrP gene utilizing molecular and cytogenetic techniques. Investigations performed on DNA from peripheral blood of patients and donors amplified by Methylation-Sensitive Arbitrarily Primed (MeS-AP)-PCR indicated that RA is strongly associated with global DNA hypomethylation. Similarly chromosomal DNA methylation pattern analysis by indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti 5-methylcitosine antibody showed all peripheral lymphocyte metaphases from RA patients with chromosomes weakly fluorescent without discrete grain
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Notizen: Unterschiedliche Desoxyribonuclease-Aktivitäten im Seminalplasma von Bullen/Different Deoxyribonuclease-Activities in Bull Seminal Plasma

1976

By means of the in situ assay of deoxyribonucleases in DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels after separation by micro-disc-electrophoresis different deoxyribonucleases are detectable in bull seminal plasma. There are two groups of acid deoxyribonuclease-activities with a pH optimum at pH 5.0, one with a pH optimum at pH 7.4 and an additional one with a pH optimum at pH 8.5.

chemistry.chemical_compoundChromatographychemistryPh optimumPolyacrylamideDeoxyribonucleaseDeoxyribonucleasesGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyZeitschrift für Naturforschung C
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2017

Despite rapid progress, many problems and limitations persist and limit the applicability of gene-editing techniques. Making use of meganucleases, TALENs, or CRISPR/Cas9-based tools requires an initial step of pre-screening to determine the efficiency and specificity of the designed tools. This step remains time consuming and material consuming. Here we propose a simple, cheap, reliable, time-saving, and highly sensitive method to evaluate a given gene-editing tool based on its capacity to induce chromosomal translocations when combined with a reference engineered nuclease. In the proposed technique, designated engineered nuclease-induced translocations (ENIT), a plasmid coding for the DNA-…

0301 basic medicineGeneticsTranscription activator-like effector nucleaseNuclease030102 biochemistry & molecular biologyCas9Pcr cloningBiology3. Good health03 medical and health sciencesgenomic DNA030104 developmental biologyPlasmidProof of conceptGeneticsbiology.proteinMolecular MedicineCRISPRMolecular BiologyMolecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development
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Intragenomic recombination between homologous regions of genes II and IV promotes formation of bacteriophage f1 miniphages.

1987

GeneticsRecombination GeneticBase SequenceGenes ViralDNA Restriction EnzymesBiologybiology.organism_classificationColiphagesVirusHomology (biology)BacteriophageSequence Homology Nucleic AcidGeneticsHomologous chromosomeBase sequenceDeoxyribonucleases Type II Site-SpecificGeneRecombinationNucleic acids research
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Lactobacillus tucceti sp. nov., a new lactic acid bacterium isolated from sausage

2006

Abstract Following the application of several molecular techniques strain R 19c, isolated from sausage by Reuter in 1970 and deposited at the DSMZ as Lactobacillus sp., has been identified as pertaining to a new species. It showed singular ISR- Dde I and ISR- Hae III profiles that allowed its differentiation from 68 lactic acid bacteria reference strains analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences places this strain in the genus Lactobacillus within the Lactobacillus alimentarius group. Species L. versmoldensis is the closest phylogenetic neighbor with 96.3% sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments confirmed the independent status at species level of this …

biologyRhamnoseNucleic Acid Hybridizationfood and beveragesbiology.organism_classification16S ribosomal RNADNA RibosomalPolymerase Chain ReactionApplied Microbiology and BiotechnologyMicrobiologyLactic acidMicrobiologyMeat ProductsLactobacilluschemistry.chemical_compoundPhenotypechemistryLactobacillusPeptidoglycanDeoxyribonucleases Type II Site-SpecificMelibioseRibosomal DNAPhylogenyEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsBacteriaSystematic and Applied Microbiology
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Cytoplasmic 5′-3′ exonuclease Xrn1p is also a genome-wide transcription factor in yeast

2014

The 5′ to 3′ exoribonuclease Xrn1 is a large protein involved in cytoplasmatic mRNA degradation as a critical component of the major decaysome. Its deletion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not lethal, but it has multiple physiological effects. In a previous study, our group showed that deletion of all tested components of the yeast major decaysome, including XRN1, results in a decrease in the synthetic rate and an increase in half-life of most mRNAs in a compensatory manner. Furthermore, the same study showed that the all tested decaysome components are also nuclear proteins that bind to the 5′ region of a number of genes. In the present work, we show that disruption of Xrn1 activi…

lcsh:QH426-470nascent transcriptionSaccharomyces cerevisiaeRibosome biogenesisSaccharomyces cerevisiaetranscription rateSaccharomycesGenètica molecularSaccharomycesmRNA decayExoribonucleaseGeneticsOriginal Research ArticlemRNA stabilityNuclear proteinTranscription factorGeneGenetics (clinical)GeneticsbiologyTranslation (biology)biology.organism_classificationmRNA stability.Cell biologylcsh:GeneticsMolecular MedicinemRNA synthesis
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Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 protein overexpression as a predictor of poor survival for high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.

2010

Abstract Objective The excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) expression is a predictor of survival after surgical treatment for several malignancies. Its overexpression has been reported as a marker of platinum resistance in lung cancer. However, the relevance of ERCC1 expression in ovarian cancer (OC) is the subject of controversy, both as a predictive parameter for platinum resistance and because of its association with poor prognosis. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study investigating ERCC1 expression and its correlation with patients' survival in OC. Methods We analyzed the ERCC1 protein expression using four different ERCC1 antibodies (clone 8F1) with different…

OncologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyNeoplasm Residualmedicine.medical_treatmentERCC1 Protein ExpressionPredictive Value of TestsInternal medicineOvarian carcinomamedicineHumansLung cancerSurvival rateAgedNeoplasm StagingRetrospective StudiesAged 80 and overOvarian NeoplasmsChemotherapybusiness.industryAge FactorsObstetrics and GynecologyMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseEndonucleasesImmunohistochemistryCystadenocarcinoma SerousDNA-Binding ProteinsSerous fluidOncologyFemaleERCC1businessOvarian cancerGynecologic oncology
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