Search results for "Nutritional status"
showing 10 items of 179 documents
Immunosenescence and its hallmarks: How to oppose aging strategically? A review of potential options for therapeutic intervention
2019
Aging is accompanied by remodeling of the immune system. With time, this leads to a decline in immune efficacy, resulting in increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, diminished responses to vaccination, and a susceptibility to age-related inflammatory diseases. An age-associated immune alteration, extensively reported in previous studies, is the reduction in the number of peripheral blood naive cells, with a relative increase in the frequency of memory cells. These two alterations, together with inflamm-aging, are considered the hallmarks of immunosenescence. Because aging is a plastic process, it is influenced by both nutritional and pharmacological interventions. Therefore, the rol…
Changes in the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System as a Risk Factor for the Development of Eating Disorders
2017
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Eating Disorder (ED) is characterized by persistently and severely disturbed eating behaviours. They arise from a combination of long-standing behavioural, emotional, psychological, interpersonal, and social factors and result in insufficient nutrient ingestion and/or adsorption. The three main EDs are: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. We review the role of peripheral endocannabinoids in eating behaviour. DISCUSSION The neuronal pathways involved in feeding behaviours are closely related to catecholaminergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic systems. Accordingly, feeding is promoted by serotonin, dopamine, and prostaglandin and inhibited b…
Protection in a model of liver injury is parallel to energy mobilization capacity under distinct nutritional status
2019
International audience; Objective: Dietary and energetic restrictions are endowed with protection against experimental injuries. However, a drop in cell energetic status under a critical threshold may prevent protection, as previously observed for livers isolated from rat donors undergoing 18-h fasting versus feeding. The aim of this study was to further explore, in the latter model, links between nutritional status, energy availability, and protection through lengthening of rat fasting to 24 h and withdrawal of energy sources from perfusions.Methods: Energy-free perfused ex vivo livers from fed, 18-h-fasted, and 24-h-fasted rats were studied during 135 min for cytolysis (potassium, asparta…
Body composition and nutrition of female athletes
2019
Background. The somatic features of the athletes’ bodies partially determine their sporting level and are conditioned to a large extent by the state of nutrition. Objective. The aim of this paper is to present nutritional status and its correlation with the somatic determinants of training athletes and physical education students. Material and methods. This study involved 12 weightlifting players (subgroup-WL), 15 soccer players (subgroup-SP), 12 table tennis players (subgroup-TT) and 12 female students of physical education (subgroup-C). In all subjects, the age and somatic variables were recorded and the daily intake of energy, water, proteins, fats and carbohydrates was determined by 24-…
Inter-individual variation in response to resistance training in cardiometabolic health indicators.
2020
Resistance training (RT) may improve metabolic health; however, the extent of its effectiveness is constantly evaluated to assess improvements in the group means, thus obscuring the heterogeneous individual effects. This study investigated inter-individual variation in response to RT as reflected in metabolic health indicators and how age, sex, nutrition, and pre-training phenotypes are associated with such variabilities. Methods Previously collected data of men and women (39-73 years, 135 trained, 73 non-trained controls) were pooled for analysis. Measurements were taken twice before training to estimate individual day-to-day variations and measurement errors (n = 208). The individual resp…
Evaluation of the effect of an intervention on the nutritional status of hospitalized patients
2017
Abstract Background and objectives To compare the nutritional status of a population of hospitalized patients, divided into 2 different groups, both at admission and hospital discharge, and to assess the influence of nutritional alteration during the hospital stay. Material and methods Quasi-experimental study comprising 2 groups of patients (N = 581): an intervention group (n = 303), in which nurses received specific training on managing care methodology, and a control group (n = 278), in which nurses continued their usual dynamics. Each group was made up of 2 care units with patients from both surgical and medical specialties. Inclusion criteria: patients admitted to the selected units wi…
Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Pathophysiology of Disease-Related Malnutrition in Leukocytes of an Outpatient P…
2019
Cellular pathways such as inflammation or oxidative stress are the cause and triggers of disease-related malnutrition (DRM), but the influence of these markers on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between mitochondrial function and ER stress parameters in a DRM population. The study population was composed of 82 outpatient subjects, of whom 45 were diagnosed with DRM and 37 were confirmed to be normonourished according to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ASPEN criteria. We evaluated anthropometrical and biochemical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Oxidative and ER stress markers …
Hypertension and the Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D and E
2015
Hypertension affects populations globally and is thus a public health and socio-economic problem. Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are common in the general population, and may be even more prevalent in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine a possible association between hypertension and intake of fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E. Participants were from the cross-sectional Hortega nutrition study conducted with a random sample of 1514 people (50.3% women, 49.7% men) and two groups: nonhypertensive controls ≥40 years old (n = 429
Trends in adherence to the Mediterranean diet in South Italy: A cross sectional study
2019
Background and aims: Increasing literature data show that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is undergoing profound changes in recent years, albeit with marked differences across nations. In Italy, one of the cradles of the Mediterranean diet, the literature regarding the trend for Mediterranean diet adherence is conflicting. Thus, we aimed to explore the trends of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a large cohort of participants living in South Italy, over 20 years from 1985–86 to 2005–06. Methods and results: Cross-sectional study with two evaluations, one made in 1985–86 and another in 2005–06; all participants were adults aged 30–70 years of age. The adherence to the Mediterranean …
Effect of influenza-induced fever on human bioimpedance values.
2015
Background and Aims Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely used technique to assess body composition and nutritional status. While bioelectrical values are affected by diverse variables, there has been little research on validation of BIA in acute illness, especially to understand prognostic significance. Here we report the use of BIA in acute febrile states induced by influenza. Methods Bioimpedance studies were conducted during an H1N1 influenza A outbreak in Venezuelan Amerindian villages from the Amazonas. Measurements were performed on 52 subjects between 1 and 40 years of age, and 7 children were re-examined after starting Oseltamivir treatment. Bioelectrical Impedance Vec…