Search results for "OBESITY"

Unpacking the behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions in the TOPCHILD Collaboration: A syste…

2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionLittle is known about how early (e.g., commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to 1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features, and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), 2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours, and 3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity.Methods and analysisAnnual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL,…

Maternal complications in pregnancy and wheezing in early childhood: a pooled analysis of 14 birth cohorts

2015

Background: Evidence on the effect of maternal complications in pregnancy on wheezing in offspring is still insufficient. Methods: A pooled analysis was performed on individual participant data from fourteen European birth cohorts to assess the relationship between several maternal pregnancy complications and wheezing symptoms in the offspring. Exposures of interest included hypertension and preeclampsia, diabetes, as well as pre-pregnancy overweight (body mass index between 25 and 29.9) and obesity (body mass index >= 30) compared with normal weight (body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9). Outcomes included both ever and recurrent wheezing from birth up to 12-24 months of age. Cohort-speci…

Overweight/obesity and respiratory and allergic disease in children : international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) phase two

2014

Background: Childhood obesity and asthma are increasing worldwide. A possible link between the two conditions has been postulated. Methods: Cross-sectional studies of stratified random samples of 8-12-year-old children (n=10 652) (16 centres in affluent and 8 centres in non-affluent countries) used the standardized methodology of ISAAC Phase Two. Respiratory and allergic symptoms were ascertained by parental questionnaires. Tests for allergic disease were performed. Height and weight were measured, and overweight and obesity were defined according to international definitions. Prevalence rates and prevalence odds ratios were calculated. Results: Overweight (odds ratio=1.14, 95%-confidence i…

The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods.

2021

Background Primary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests. Objectives The main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system,…

2015

Objective Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in people of working age. The purpose of this paper is to report the prevalence and cardiovascular associations of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy (DMac) in Germany.

Anxiety and depression levels in prepubertal obese children: a case-control study

2014

Introduction Childhood obesity has become worldwide epidemic both in Western and in developing Countries and has been accompanied by many serious and severe comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome, depression, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, steatohepatitis, and intracranial hypertension, as well as medical concerns unique to youth such as accelerated pubertal and skeletal development and orthopedic disorders. To date no specific studies about the psychological assessment in pediatric obesity are present. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the putative relationship between psychological troubles and obesity in a sample of school-aged chil…

Irisin – ‘New Kid on the Block in energy regulation’?

2014

Hypertension in the metabolic syndrome: Summary of the new position statement of the European Society of Hypertension

2009

Arterial hypertension is often part of a larger constellation of anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities that includes abdominal (or visceral) obesity, characteristic dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high triglycerides), glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. Using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, prevalence is higher than in the general population and the metabolic syndrome (MS) can be found in as many as one third of patients. In hypertensives with MS, a high prevalence of hypertension-induced target organ damage and a negative prognostic value have been described. Dietary advice and life style changes should be strongly recommended and …

Obesity and overweight prevalences in rural and urban populations in East Spain and its association with undiagnosed hypertension and Diabetes Mellit…

2009

Abstract Background An increase in the number of overweight and obese subjects in the general population has been observed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the general population and its association with undiagnosed pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus [DM] and hypertension [HT], by taking age, gender and place of residence [rural or urban] into account. Findings A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in Castellón, East Spain in 2005–2006. The sample included 2,062 participants aged 18–94 years. Weight, height, blood pressure and glycaemia values were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residen…

Anesthesiological Particularities in Bariatric Surgery

2011

Morbid obesity has become a global pandemic in recent years: 5% of the adult population of the USA are considered morbidly obese, i.e., have a BMI that exceeds 40. Every 90 seconds a US American dies of obesity and its consequences – making 1,000 people every day and 400,000 a year. This explains the dramatic rise of interest in bariatric procedures and with it in suitable anesthesiological methods.