Search results for "OBESITY"

Obesity and Interpersonal Problems: An Analysis with the Interpersonal Circumplex

2012

This study examines the interpersonal problems profiles of obese individuals by cluster analysing the interpersonal problems circumplex scores of participants. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems— Short Circumplex (IIP‐32) was completed by 368 treatment‐seeking obese individuals. These data were cluster analysed, and groups of obese subjects defined by varying interpersonal problems were compared with regard to psychological distress, self‐esteem, body dissatisfaction, quality of life and binge behaviours. Cluster analyses of the IIP‐32 resulted in four clusters, which occupied two quadrants of the interpersonal circumplex. Several differences in body mass index, psychological distress,…

Brain mechanisms of the odor-induced taste enhancement in people living with normalweight and obesity: sensory and electroencephalography studies

2022

Some odors have the property of enhancing the taste perception, whether it is sweet, salty, acidic or umami. It is therefore possible to enhance the perception of a taste by using odorant ingredients in food. The integration of taste and odor results in the perception of a unique quality for the food, called the flavor. The mechanism that results from this integration, called odor-induced taste enhancement (OITE), has been little studied in the literature in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) individuals. It has been observed that the odor-induced taste enhancement is higher in OB compared to NP, for a single product tested. The brain structures involved in OITE have already been identified,…

Evidence for interactions between aroma compounds and the CB1 receptor: a way to regulate food intake?

2012

National audience; Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterised by a chronic imbalance of energy homeostasis. The regulation of dietary intake appears to be an effective way to regulate this imbalance. Furthermore, it is now well established that the endocannabinoid system influences appetite via the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1): CB1 agonists can promote food intake while CB1 antagonists tend to decrease appetite (1). Interestingly, recent studies showed that CB1-like receptors are expressed in the olfactory epithelium of Xenopus laevis tadpoles (2). Elsewhere, it has been demonstrated that aroma perception is implicated in the process of satiety (3). Co…

Obésité et préférences alimentaires : études comportementales et neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle, focus chez l'enfant

2014

Impacts of obesity on the oro-sensory perception of lipids in Human

2010

Accumulating evidences support the existence of a fatty acid taste both in rodents and humans. A recent study performed in lean subjects suggests the existence of a positive correlation between the oro-sensory perception of dietary lipids and body mass index (BMI) in Human. It was extrapolated that obesity might promote overconsumption of fatty foods by decreasing the detection of lipids in oral cavity. To explore this hypothesis, linoleic acid (LA) detection threshold was determined in lean (18>BMI 30, n=29) volunteers using a 3-alternative force choice ascending concentration presentation procedure in conditions known to minimize other sensory cues. A large distribution of LA detection wa…

In-mouth mechanism leading to the perception of fat and its consequence on post-prandial lipid metabolism in humans. The particular role of saliva

2014

In humans, the in-mouth perception of dietary fat in food is a complex process involving many sensory modalities (texture, aroma, taste and trigeminal). During food oral processing, a bolus is formed in which saliva is significantly incorporated thus contributing significantly to the perception of fat. In particular, it has been shown that the levels of some salivary characteristics (lipolysis, lysozyme, flux, antioxidant status, level of carbonic anhydrase and proteins) are related to the sensitivity of the individual to triolein and oleic acid. Interestingly, the involvement of some of these salivary variables in the perceived intensity and preference towards model oil emulsions was also …

Détection orosensorielle des lipides alimentaires chez la souris : mécanismes impliqués et altérations au cours de l'obésité

2015

Dietary lipids are detected by the gustatory system in rodents and humans. Two candidate lipid-receptors are found in taste buds: CD36, which is involved in the fat taste as shown by studies conducted in our laboratory, and GPR120. Our results show that GPR120 is not directly involved in the gustatory detection of lipids in mice, but could rather be involved in the modulation of the sensitivity for fat. When this gustatory system works properly, food choices can meet the organism’s energy needs. Besides, the pleasure brought by the consumption of palatable foods is satisfied. However, obese people often overconsume energy-dense food. In the central nervous system, perturbations of the rewar…

The risk of obesity is associated with fat and sweet liking

2015

Introduction: Fat, added sugar and sodium are important nutritional factors involved in the risk of obesity, although these components contribute to eating pleasure thanks to their sensory properties. Few cross-sectional studies have shown equivocal results about relationships between liking and weight status. The only one prospective study has shown an increase of weight in individuals who liked sweet taste and no significant relationships for fat liking. However, the tool that assesses liking is unreliable. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the prospective association between liking for fat, sweet and salt and the onset of obesity in adults. Method / Design: Liking score…

Alcoholic beverages, obesity, physical activity and other nutritional factors, and cancer risk: A review of the evidence

2016

International audience; Purpose: Prevention is a priority in the fight against cancers, especially nutritional prevention. To update the levels of evidence of relationships between 10 nutritional factors and cancer risk, the scientific literature published from 2006 to 2014 was reviewed by an expert group.Methods: Data from 133 meta-analyses, pooled analyses or intervention trials were examined. Nearly 150 relationships between nutritional factors and cancer at various sites were evaluated.Results: According to the evidence graded as convincing or probable, these factors were divided in two groups. Factors which increase the risk of cancer are alcoholic beverages, overweight and obesity, re…

Qualitative Evaluation, with French Healthcare and Childcare Professionals, of a Brochure Containing the Latest Official Child Feeding Recommendation…

2021

Meeting abstract number 4 in the 30. Annual Congress of European Chilhood Obesity Group (ECOG), 2021/11/10-13, Budapest (Hungary).