Search results for "OBESITY"
showing 10 items of 1833 documents
Molecular dynamics, dynamic site mapping, and highthroughput virtual screening on leptin and the Ob receptor as anti-obesity target.
2014
Body weight control is a mechanism finely regulated by several hormonal, metabolic, and nervous pathways. The leptin receptor (Ob-R) is crucial for energy homeostasis and regulation of food uptake. Leptin is a 16 kDa hormone that is mainly secreted by fat cells into the bloodstream, and under normal circumstances, circulating levels are proportionate to the fat body mass. Sensing of elevated leptin levels by the hypothalamic neurocircutry activates a negative feedback loop resulting in reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure. Decreased concentrations lead to opposite effects. Therefore rational design of leptin agonists constitute an appealing challenge in the battle against ob…
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and risk of digestive cancer.
2010
The frequency of obesity has been increasing worldwide for 20 years. Many epidemiological studies support a correlation between obesity and increased risk of cancer, particularly digestive cancers in both genders, and gynaecological cancer in women. Currently, about 5% of cancers could be directly related to overweight. Carcinogenesis mechanisms induced by obesity involve insulin resistance, adipokine and angiogenic factor secretions, and inflammation. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that insulin resistance plays a major role in carcinogenesis. Insulin and non-protein banded IGF-1, whose levels are increased in type 2 diabetes, stimulate cellular growth and inhibit apoptosis. Abn…
Changes of inflammatory mediators in obese patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
2010
Background Obesity is associated with the impairment of immunological functions. The aim of this study was to analyze some inflammatory mediators in obese subjects who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Seventeen consecutive female patients with a BMI ranging from 35 to 45 kg/m2 (obese) and 17 consecutive female patients with BMI ranging from 20 to 25 kg/m2 (nonobese) were included in the study. All patients were affected by symptomatic gallbladder stone disease and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Changes in levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, IL-6, IL-10, leptin, and adiponectin were evaluated. Results We observed a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophil level…
Polymorphisms in FTO and near TMEM18 associate with type 2 diabetes and predispose to younger age at diagnosis of diabetes
2013
Variations in the FTO gene and near the TMEM18 gene are risk factors for common form of obesity, but have also been linked with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our aim was to investigate the contribution of these variants to risk of T2D in a population in Latvia. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the first and fourth intronic regions of FTO and one close to TMEM18 were genotyped in 987 patients with T2D and 1080 controls selected from the Latvian Genome Data Base (LGDB). We confirmed association of SNPs in the first intron (rs11642015, rs62048402 and rs9939609) of FTO and rs7561317 representing the TMEM18 locus with T2D. Association between SNP in FTO and T2D remained significant after c…
Role of adipose tissue cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) on lipolysis and consequences on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in mice
2017
Role of adipose tissue cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) on lipolysis and consequences on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in miceObesity is accompanied with lipolysis deregulation responsible for excessive Free Fatty Acid (FFA) release, which are key actors in the implementation of peripheral insulin resistance. In parallel, it is now well established that obesity is associated with EndoCannabinoid System (ECS) activity dysfunction in several metabolic tissues. If it is well described that overactivation of this system in the Adipose Tissue (AT) is favourable to its expansion, the consequences on lipolysis remain to be elucidated.The main objective of this thesis work was to precise the role …
Immune Cell Toll-like Receptor 4 Mediates the Development of Obesity- and Endotoxemia-Associated Adipose Tissue Fibrosis
2014
International audience; Adipose tissue fibrosis development blocks adipocyte hypertrophy and favors ectopic lipid accumulation. Here, we show that adipose tissue fibrosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans and mice. Kinetic studies in C3H mice fed a high-fat diet show activation of macrophages and progression of fibrosis along with adipocyte metabolic dysfunction and death. Adipose tissue fibrosis is attenuated by macrophage depletion. Impairment of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling protects mice from obesity-induced fibrosis. The presence of a functional Toll-like receptor 4 on adipose tissue hematopoietic cells is necessary for the initiation of adipose tissue fibros…
Miglioramenti della qualità di vita correlata alla salute (HRQoL) con Liraglutide 3 mg rispetto a placebo per la gestione del peso
2015
Obiettivo: L'obesità ha un impatto negativo sulla qualità di vita correlata alla salute (HRQoL), la cui gravità dipende dalla severità dell’obesità. Lo studio SCALE (Satiety and Clinical Adiposity - Liraglutide Evidence) Obesity and Prediabetes ha valutato l’efficacia di Liraglutide 3 mg in aggiunta a dieta ed esercizio fisico sulla HRQoL in soggetti con sovrappeso o obesità, con o senza prediabete. Metodi: I soggetti (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 con ≥ 1 comorbidità o ≥ 30 kg/m2) sono stati randomizzati (2:1), a ricevere liraglutide 3 mg (n = 2487) o placebo (n = 1244) una volate al giorno s.c., in aggiunta ad un programma di intervento sullo stile di vita (dieta ipocalorica con deficit di 500 Kcal/die …
A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement
2020
The exclusion of other chronic liver diseases including “excess” alcohol intake has until now been necessary to establish a diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, given our current understanding of the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its rising prevalence, “positive criteria” to diagnose the disease are required. In this work, a panel of international experts from 22 countries propose a new definition for the diagnosis of MAFLD that is both comprehensive and simple, and is independent of other liver diseases. The criteria are based on evidence of hepatic steatosis, in addition to one of the following three criteria, namely overweight/obesity, presence …
Serum ferritin is a discriminant marker for both fibrosis and inflammation in histologically proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
2011
INTRODUCTION: Differentiation between steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is important as NASH progress to cirrhosis. No specific laboratory/imaging technique exists either to diagnose NASH or to select patients for liver biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated serum ferritin and the features of metabolic syndrome with respect to histological inflammation and/or fibrosis in NAFLD patients. The Kleiner scoring system was used to classify NAFLD in consecutive liver biopsies. One hundred and eleven patients: median age 52.6, 64 males, obesity 62, diabetes mellitus (DM) 58, arterial hypertension 26 and hyperlipidaemia 40%. RESULTS: …
Sarcopenia is associated with severe liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
2017
Background: Sarcopenia recognises insulin resistance and obesity as risk factors, and is frequently associated with cardiometabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim: To test the prevalence of sarcopenia and its relation with the severity of fibrosis (main outcome) and the entire spectrum of liver histology in patients with NAFLD. Methods: We considered 225 consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of NAFLD (Kleiner score). The skeletal muscle index (%) (total appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg)/weight (kg) Ã 100), a validated measure of sarcopenia, was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle mass…