Search results for "OPTICS"
showing 10 items of 10033 documents
New advances in the 3D characterization of mineral coating layers on paper
2008
Summary The surface characteristics of a large set of commercial lightweight coated paper grades are explored. The quantification of the 3D structure is revealed by atomic force microscopy, laser profilometry and X-ray microtomography. This comprehensive study demonstrates the suitability of different and modern methods for assessing critical coating layer properties, thus identifying the right tools for specific structural analyses. Based on the assessment of the top and bottom surfaces of 25 commercial lightweight coated samples, three main conclusions can be drawn: (1) the facet orientation polar angle is a function of roughness, (2) skewness did not describe the surface details affectin…
Detection of local specular gloss and surface roughness from black prints
2007
A combination of optical and tomographic imaging techniques for inspection of local surface roughness and specular gloss of black prints and coated paper are introduced. A diffractive optical-element-based glossmeter (DOG) and a low-coherence interferometer (LCI) were used to obtain local information about the print in terms of topographic and gloss maps. X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) was used to obtain 3D local structural information of the coated paper. Gloss and topographic maps were used to determine statistical gloss and roughness parameters. These parameters were useful when analysing the surface condition of prints and coated paper. We found an orientation-dependent gloss slop…
Cytoskeleton and Consciousness: An Evolutionary Based Review
2015
The fields of quantum biology and physics are now starting to unite to solve the mysteries associated with the field of evolutionary biology. One such question is the origination and propagation of consciousness which has always been ambiguous and in order to understand this concept, many theories have been proposed by several philosophers and scientists. This review paper agrees with the idea, that evolution is not a random process but hypothesizes, that its succession was managed by the expanding level of consciousness due to cell division and cell differentiation. Several theories propose that the cytoskeleton and its proteins are promoters for consciousness in the brain, which propagate…
A Version of Jung’s Synchronicity in the Event of Correlation of Mental Processes in the Past and the Future: Possible Role of Quantum Entanglement i…
2012
This paper deals with the version of Jung’s synchronicity in which correlation between mental processes of two different persons takes place not just in the case when at a certain moment of time the subjects are located at a distance from each other, but also in the case when both persons are alternately (and sequentially, one after the other) located in the same point of space. In this case, a certain period of time lapses between manifestation of mental process in one person and manifestation of mental process in the other person. Transmission of information from one person to the other via classical communication channel is ruled out. The author proposes a hypothesis, whereby such manife…
Electromagnetic Radiation, a Living Cell and the Soul: A Collated Hypothesis
2015
The soul is believed to be an immortal essence of living things in scores of philosophical and religious traditions but sparsely understood by science. The word ‘soul’ does not have a scientific definition but through this paper is hypothesized to be an indefinite, non-structured, massless energy made up of electromagnetic radiations that is confined in the cytoskeletal network of the biological cell. Electromagnetic radiations continually interact with the biological cell and propagate within the cell; by a pathway known as ‘Cell-Soul Pathway’. This pathway is a coherent, imperceptible, uncontainable and recyclable support pathway, which uses this energy to promulgate consciousness in a bi…
Spatial information transmission using orthogonal mutual coherence coding.
2005
We use the coherence of a light beam to encode spatial information. We apply this principle to obtain spatial superresolution in a limited aperture system. The method is based on shaping the mutual intensity function of the illumination beam in a set of orthogonal distributions, each one carrying the information for a different frequency bandpass or spatial region of the input object. The coherence coding is analogous to time multiplexing but with multiplexing time slots that are given by the coherence time of the illumination beam. Most images are static during times much longer than this coherence time, and thus the increase of resolution in our system is obtained without any noticeable c…
AX-PET: Concept, proof of principle and first results with phantoms
2010
AX-PET is a novel PET concept based on long crystals axially arranged and orthogonal Wavelength shifter (WLS) strips, both individually readout by Geiger-mode Avalanche Photo Diodes (G-APD). Its design was conceived in order to reduce the parallax error and simultaneously improve spatial resolution and sensitivity. The assessment of the AX-PET concept and potential was carried out through a set of measurements comprising individual module characterizations and scans in coincidence mode of point-like and extended sources. The estimated energy and spatial resolutions from point-like measurements are R FWHM =11.6% (at 511 keV) and 1.7–1.9 mm (FWHM) respectively as measured with point-like sour…
Probing dynamics of dense suspensions: three-dimensional cross-correlation technique
1997
We describe the realization of a novel three-dimensional (3D) cross-correlation scheme, which provides the possibility to measure dynamic structure factors of highly concentrated colloidal samples without contributions of multiply scattered light. The apparatus is easier to align and more compact than the two-colour cross-correlation apparatus, which is commercially available. This should make the 3D cross-correlation set-up more convenient for routine applications, for example in industrial laboratories. We describe the set-up and discuss some special features of the optical components.
Laser speckle imaging for early detection of microbial colony forming units
2021
In this study, an optical contactless laser speckle imaging technique for the early identification of bacterial colony-forming units was tested. The aim of this work is to compare the laser speckle imaging method for the early assessment of microbial activity with standard visual inspection under white light illumination. In presented research, the growth of Vibrio natriegens bacterial colonies on the solid medium was observed and analyzed. Both – visual examination under white light illumination and laser speckle correlation analysis were performed. Based on various experiments and comparisons with the theoretical Gompertz model, colony radius growth curves were obtained. It was shown that…
Laser speckle time-series correlation analysis for bacteria activity detection
2020
The study aims at development and laboratory approbation of non-contact optical technique for early evaluation of microbial activity. Microorganisms’ activity is estimated by laser speckle contrast imaging technique in combination with image processing of obtained time varying speckle patterns. Laser speckle patterns were captured by CMOS sensor during illumination of growing bacteria colonies by low power (<30 mW, 635 nm) stabilized coherent light source. To validate proposed technique and image processing algorithm the vibrio natriegens bacteria are used. After analysis of several different experiments the following results were obtained: In the central part of the colony activity can be …