Search results for "OTU"

A randomized controlled trial for response of microbiome network to exercise and diet intervention in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2021

AbstractExercise and diet are treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and prediabetes, however, how exercise and diet interventions impact gut microbiota in patients is incompletely understood. We previously reported a 8.6-month, four-arm (Aerobic exercise, n = 29; Diet, n = 28; Aerobic exercise + Diet, n = 29; No intervention, n = 29) randomized, singe blinded (for researchers), and controlled intervention in patients with NAFLD and prediabetes to assess the effect of interventions on the primary outcomes of liver fat content and glucose metabolism. Here we report the third primary outcome of the trial—gut microbiota composition—in participants who completed the trial (22 i…

Attraction of kestrels to vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light

1995

IN northern Europe, broad four-year oscillations in small rodent and raptor populations are synchronous over hundreds of square kilometers1–6. Crashes in vole populations can induce wide emigration (> 1,000 km) of their predators7 –9, but almost nothing is known about how predators rapidly detect areas of vole abundance. Here we report on laboratory and field experiments on voles (Microtus agrestis) and kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). Voles mark their runaways with urine and faeces, which are visible in ultraviolet light. Wild kestrels brought into captivity were able to detect vole scent marks in ultraviolet light but not in visible light. In the field, kestrels hunted preferentially near ex…

Differentiation of Murine C2C12 Myoblasts Strongly Reduces the Effects of Myostatin on Intracellular Signaling

2020

Alongside in vivo models, a simpler and more mechanistic approach is required to study the effects of myostatin on skeletal muscle because myostatin is an important negative regulator of muscle size. In this study, myostatin was administered to murine (C2C12) and human (CHQ) myoblasts and myotubes. Canonical and noncanonical signaling downstream to myostatin, related ligands, and their receptor were analyzed. The effects of tumorkines were analyzed after coculture of C2C12 and colon cancer-C26 cells. The effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling were strongly reduced in C2C12 cells after differentiation. This may be explained by increased follistatin, an endogenous blocke…

Factors affecting physiology of mycelial growth and mushrooms aroma production in solid state fermentation

1997

L'effet de différentes sources d'azote et du rapport C/N sur la croissance mycélienne et sur l'intensité aromatique dégagée par trois espèces du genre #Morchella$ et d'une espèce du genre #Pleurotus$ a été étudié sur agar puis sur support solide. Les résultats ont été à la base du choix du nitrate de sodium comme source d'azote, du rapport C/N de 10 ainsi que du mycélium de #M. esculenta$ come source potentielle pour la production de l'arôme de morille. L'identification des molécules contribuant à l'arôme réalisée par CPG-SM a révélé de larges différences entre #M. esculenta$ et #P. cornucopiae$. Dans la mesure où l'arôme produit par le mycélium rappelle celui du carpophore, ce résultat con…

Structural and Hereditary Chaperonopathies: Mutation

2013

This chapter deals with structural and hereditary chaperonopathies. The chaperonopathies caused by mutations in: sHsp, chaperonin genes (Hsp60 or Cpn60, and CCT subunits), Hsp40/DnaJ, Hsp70, sacsin, and dedicated chaperones (e.g., those involved in microtubule biogenesis, in maintenance of the respiratory chain inside the mitochondria, and others in various cell compartments and tissues), are described and discussed.

Mycochemicals in wild and cultivated mushrooms: nutrition and health

2021

AbstractThe mushrooms have contributed to the development of active ingredients of fundamental importance in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry as well as of important tools in human and animal health, nutrition, and functional food. This review considers studies on the beneficial effects of medicinal mushrooms on the nutrition and health of humans and farm animals. An overview of the chemical structure and composition of mycochemicals is presented in this review with particular reference to phenolic compounds, triterpenoids and sterols, fatty acids and lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, and lectins. The nutritional value and chemical composition of wild and cultivated mushroom…

Biological interactions in the boreal ecosystem under climate change : are the vole and predator cycles disappearing?

2014

Congenital Myopathies in the New Millennium

2005

Few medical disciplines have benefited so enormously from the molecular revolution as myology. Whereas the congenital myopathies have flourished from enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy, defining individual congenital myopathies by structural abnormalities, genetic research has only recently focused on congenital myopathies. However, a number of congenital myopathies have been molecularly elucidated: central and multiminicore diseases, nemaline myopathy, myotubular myopathy, and congenital myopathy marked by aggregation of proteins, giving rise to the concept of protein aggregate myopathies, to which now desminopathies, α-B crystallinopathies, selenoproteinopathy, myotilinopathy,…

Impact of Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Spectrum of Current Achalasia Treatment Options

2011

Minimally invasive Heller myotomy has evolved the “gold standard” procedure for achalasia in the spectrum of current treatment options. The laparoscopic technique has proved superior to the thoracoscopic approach due to improved visualization of the esophagogastric junction. Operative controversies most recently include the length of the myotomy, especially of its fundic part, with respect to the balance between postoperative persistent dysphagia and development of gastroesophageal reflux, as well as the type of the added antireflux procedure. Perioperative mortality should approach 0%, and favorable long-term results can be achieved in > 90%.

Vizuālās identitātes izstrāde rotu dizaineriem

2017

Aivas Krasovskas diplomdarba tēma ir "Vizuālās identitātes izstrāde rotu dizaineriem". Darba teorētiskās daļas pirmajā nodaļā autore sniedz nelielu ieskatu rotu izcelsmes un attīstības vēsturē Latvijā un citviet Eiropā. Kā arī apraksta rotu veidus un to pielietojamību vizuālā tēla individualitātes izcelšanā. Teorētiskās daļas otrajā nodaļā autore raksta par vizuālās identitātes jēdzienu, tā nozīmi un veidošanas galvenajiem elementiem, kurus svarīgi ņemt vērā, izstrādājot rotu dizaineru vizuālo identitāti. Autore padziļināti apraksta literatūras izpētes procesā iegūtās zināšanas par atpazīstamības zīmju kategoriju iedalījumu – logo, vārdzīme, simbols, to veidiem, izcelsmi un atšķirībām starp…