Search results for "OXIDATION"
showing 10 items of 1913 documents
Oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds with CrO3.SiO2 in supercritical carbon dioxide.
2006
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is an effective reaction medium to perform the oxidation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with chromium trioxide supported on silica. These reactions were performed by flowing a solution of the alcohol in scCO2 through a column containing the supported reagent and recovering the product by depressurization. This method avoids the use of organic solvents and the contamination of the products with chromium species.
Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of 4-Methoxybenzyl Alcohol to Aldehyde in Aqueous Suspension of Home-Prepared Titanium Dioxide Catalyst
2007
WOS: 000246040000026
Heterogeneous oxidation of pyrimidine and alkyl thioethers in ionic liquids over mesoporous Ti or Ti/Ge catalysts.
2004
Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of a series of thioethers (2-thiomethylpyrimidine, 2-thiomethyl-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine, 2-thiobenzylpyrimidine, 2-thiobenzyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, thioanisole, and n-heptyl methyl sulfide) was performed in ionic liquids by using MCM-41 and UVM-type mesoporous catalysts containing Ti, or Ti and Ge. A range of triflate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoroacetate, lactate and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide-based ionic liquids were used. The oxidations were carried out by using anhydrous hydrogen peroxide or the urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct and showed that ionic liquids are very effective solvents, achieving greater reactivity and selectivity than reactions p…
Studies on electron-beam irradiation and plastic deformation of medical-grade ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
2011
Abstract Separated and combined electron-beam irradiation and plastic deformation effects on the structures of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were studied. It was found that the concentration of carbonyl (ketones, esters and peresters), hydroxyl and vinyl groups increases with the growing dose of adsorbed electrons. It also tends to exhibit a slight increase in the melting point and crystallinity of the samples. A mechanical stress in the polymer was found to accelerate radiation-induced degradation. It was concluded that each of the factors studied (i.e. electron beam sterilization and plastic deformation) had a different impact on the polymer structure. The change in th…
Time–carbonyl groups equivalence in photo-oxidative aging of virgin/recycled polymer blends
2004
AbstractThe photo-oxidation behaviour of polymers is strongly dependent on the initial amount of carbonyl groups along the chains. The growing use of recycled post-consumer polymers coming from products used outdoors and then photo-oxidised, both pure and blended with the same virgin polymer, gives rise to an unpredictable behaviour of weathering resistance of products made with these materials. The present work shows that the carbonyl group–exposure time curves can be shifted along the time axis to give a single generalised master plot. It is then possible to predict the formation of the new carbonyl groups by knowing only the initial amount of the same carbonyl groups. The same shift fact…
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Correlations Between Oxidative Stress Metabolism and Cytogenetic Subgroups
2008
Abstract The chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B cell-CLL) is a heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder susceptible to oxidative stress. The excessive production of reactive oxygen intermediates above the capability of naturally produced antioxidants may result in the instability of essential macromolecules, and represents the molecular basis of many diseases including cancer. Highly reactive radicals interact with DNA inducing a multitude of oxidative modifications, and are implicated in mutagenesis due to misreplication of the damaged base 8-oxo-2′-deoxiguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Furthermore, protooncogene activation and/or tumor suppressor gene inhibition has been reported as a consequence of …
Effects of free fatty acids, lysophosphatides and phospholipase treatment on lipid peroxidation of myocardial homogenates and membrane fractions
1987
The effects of various free fatty acids, lysophosphatides and phospholipase treatments on the enzymatic and the non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation capacities in the heart homogenates and subcellular fractions were studied. The results showed a dose related inhibition of both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation with free fatty acids. A significant inhibition occurred as early as at the concentration of 25–50 μM of several fatty acids both in homogenates and in organelle fractions. In general, the inhibition was greatest with cis-unsaturated, long-chain fatty acids. The inhibition was also induced by the pretreatment of the homogenates with phospholipase A2 but not with phospholi…
Experimental evidence for proton motive force-dependent catalysis by the diheme-containing succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase from the Gram-positiv…
2006
In Gram-positive bacteria and other prokaryotes containing succinate:menaquinone reductases, it has previously been shown that the succinate oxidase and succinate:menaquinone reductase activities are lost when the transmembrane electrochemical proton potential, Deltap, is abolished by the rupture of the bacteria or by the addition of a protonophore. It has been proposed that the endergonic reduction of menaquinone by succinate is driven by the electrochemical proton potential. Opposite sides of the cytoplasmic membrane were envisaged to be separately involved in the binding of protons upon the reduction of menaquinone and their release upon succinate oxidation, with the two reactions linked…
Succinate dehydrogenase functioning by a reverse redox loop mechanism and fumarate reductase in sulphate-reducing bacteria.
2006
Sulphate- or sulphur-reducing bacteria with known or draft genome sequences (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20, Desulfobacterium autotrophicum [draft], Desulfotalea psychrophila and Geobacter sulfurreducens) all contain sdhCAB or frdCAB gene clusters encoding succinate : quinone oxidoreductases. frdD or sdhD genes are missing. The presence and function of succinate dehydrogenase versus fumarate reductase was studied. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain Essex 6) grew by fumarate respiration or by fumarate disproportionation, and contained fumarate reductase activity. Desulfovibrio vulgaris lacked fumarate respiration and contained succinate dehydrogenase activity. Succi…
Synthese von Benzo[b]thioxanthenen
1995
Synthesis of Benzo[b]thioxanthenes Benzo[b]thioxanthenes, heterocyclic compounds related to tetracenes and tetracyclines can be obtained by the reaction of 2H-benzo[b]thiete (1) and 1,4-naphthoquinones (3a–g). The primary cycloadducts 4a–g undergo an autoxidation process leading to the quinones 6a–g. The dihydroxy compound 4e shows an additional isomerization by a tetrafold H transfer (4e 5e′). Another preparative route to benzo[b]thioxanthenes makes use of the cycloadditon reaction of 1 and 1,4-epoxynaphthalenes (7a–d). The primary adducts can be transformed to the title compounds by catalytic dehydration processes (8a–d 9a-d). An alternate regioselective opening of the oxygen bridge can b…