Search results for "Observational"
showing 10 items of 1050 documents
Clinical utility of novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk stratification
2012
Over the past few decades, a number of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been identified. The predictive power of "conventional" risk factors have been validated by observational, prospective and intervention studies. Nevertheless, all attempts to exactly predict the individual risk for CAD have failed, biased by a large number of incorrectly risk-classified subjects. To improve cardiovascular (CV) risk prediction, a large number of genetic and/or non-genetic biomarkers have been discovered and tested against the "classical" risk factors for their power to predict CV risk. Only few of them had a significant improvement over the predictive model…
Frailty as a predictor of adverse outcomes in hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2019
Frailty syndrome is prevalent among hospitalized older adults as are the occurrence of adverse outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether frailty in older adults at hospital admission predicts adverse outcomes. Manual (ProQuest, conferences annals and references) and electronic searches (PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, Lilacs, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar) were performed. We included prospective studies of hospitalized older adults. Primary outcomes were functional decline at hospital discharge and mortality after discharge. Other data were considered secondary outcomes. Methodological quality was evaluated by the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational…
Magnesium and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational and intervention studies
2020
Purpose: To map and grade all health outcomes associated with magnesium (Mg) intake and supplementation using an umbrella review. Methods: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using placebo/no intervention as control group. We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, small-study effects and excess significance. For meta-analyses of RCTs, outcomes with a random-effect p value < 0.005 and a high-GRADE assessment were classified as strong evidence. Results: From 2048 abstracts, 16 meta-analyses an…
Factors predicting distress among parents/caregivers of children with neurological disease and home enteral nutrition
2013
Background & aims Caregivers of children with chronic diseases included in a home enteral nutrition (HEN) programme are at risk of experiencing a feeling of burden, high level of anxiety and psychological distress. The aims of this study were: first, to examine the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety–depression in caregivers of children with neurological diseases requiring HEN by gastrostomy tube (GT); second, to compare the characteristics of caregivers with high or low risk of exhibiting symptoms of anxiety–depression; and third, to investigate possible associations to child disease severity and nutrition support mode. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed in 58 caregi…
A Very Large Area Telescope for γ-Ray Astronomy Above 100 MeV Employing Limited Streamer Tubes
1994
A new detector for γ-ray astronomy above 100 MeV is described in which the electron-positron pairs are tracked by means of a set of plane arrays of Limited Streamer Tubes. This technique allows to build up very large area experiments which are specifically useful to study variable or transient sources.
Osteonecrosis of the jaws produced by sunitinib : a systematic review
2019
Background Tyrosine kinase receptor family is involved in tumor growth, pathological angiogenesis and the progression (metastasis) of cancer. Sunitinib (Sutent®) inhibits members of the tyrosine kinase receptor family affecting the induction of angiogenesis and tumor progression. It is not clear if sunitinib increases the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review about ONJ related to sunitinib, describing existing cases and possible associated risk factors. Material and Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched without date restriction up to September 2018. We included prospective and retrospective obser…
Ischemic cardiovascular disease in workers occupationally exposed to urban air pollution – A systematic review
2018
Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among several known risk factors, researchers also focus their attention on the chronic exposure to air pollution. There is much evidence that exposure to air pollution, especially to ultrafine particles, can damage the endothelium and can favour cardiovascular diseases in the general population. Occupational exposition could be an additive risk factor for the cardiovascular system. This article presents a scientific review of the linkage between occupational exposure to air pollution and ischemic heart disease. Material and methods A scientific review was undertaken, followed by PRISMA Statements. …
Ceftazidime-avibactam use for klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing k. pneumoniae infections: A retrospective observational multicenter study
2021
Abstract Background A growing body of observational evidence supports the value of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) in managing infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Methods We retrospectively analyzed observational data on use and outcomes of CAZ-AVI therapy for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) strains. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with 30-day mortality. Results were adjusted for propensity score for receipt of CAZ-AVI combination regimens versus CAZ-AVI monotherapy. Results The cohort comprised 577 adults with bloodstream infections (n = 391) or nonba…
Association of Anorexia Nervosa With Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2019
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association of anorexia nervosa with the cancer incidence and mortality among study populations with anorexia nervosa compared with the general population or those without anorexia nervosa.
Importance of calibration for diameter and area determination by intravascular ultrasound
1996
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) permits quantitative assessment of the lumen diameter and area of coronary arteries. The experimental study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of diameter and area measurements.Lumen quantitation (lumen diameter D and cross-sectional area A) in lucite tubes (lumen diameter 2.5 to 5.7 mm, Plexiglas) was performed using a mechanical IVUS system (HP console, 3.5 F catheter, Boston Scientific, 30 MHz). The influence of fluid type (blood, water and saline solution), fluid temperature (20 degrees C/37 degrees C), catheter to catheter variation, gain setting and ultrasound frequency (12, 20 and 30 MHz) was determined. In blood at 20 degrees C there was a constan…