Search results for "Observational study"
showing 10 items of 776 documents
Frailty and emergency surgery in the elderly: protocol of a prospective, multicenter study in Italy for evaluating perioperative outcome (The FRAILES…
2018
Improvements in living conditions and progress in medical management have resulted in better quality of life and longer life expectancy. Therefore, the number of older people undergoing surgery is increasing. Frailty is often described as a syndrome in aged patients where there is augmented vulnerability due to progressive loss of functional reserves. Studies suggest that frailty predisposes elderly to worsening outcome after surgery. Since emergency surgery is associated with higher mortality rates, it is paramount to have an accurate stratification of surgical risk in such patients. The aim of our study is to characterize the clinicopathological findings, management, and short-term outcom…
Corrigendum to “Neuromuscular electrophysiological disorders and muscle atrophy in mechanically-ventilated traumatic brain injury patients: New insig…
2019
Teaching methodology for Design for Six Sigma and Quality techniques – an approach that combines theory and practice
2017
Abstract Quality techniques and Design for Six Sigma methodology are complex areas that need to be understood through correlation of theoretical and practical teaching. Universities started to apply different approaches for achieving better results, on building greater knowledge and skills for their students. The paper presents a methodology of teaching quality techniques and DFSS methodology, an approach that is focused on understanding the concepts through technical examples from industry and applying the knowledge within a project. A model is proposed for teaching Design for Six Sigma methodology through a workshop done in the classroom. The students are split into groups and will practi…
A Simulation-Based Failure Mode Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Control and Prevention in Emergency Departments
2020
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] outbreak has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted problems of sustainable infection prevention and control measures worldwide, particularly the emerging issues with an insufficient supply of personal protective equipment. The aim of this study was to provide an action plan for mitigation of occupational hazards and nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2 through a failure mode analysis based on observations during in situ simulations. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional, observational, simulation-bas…
Alterations of carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy. Effects on the mother and new born infant.
2020
Abstract Introduction Gestational diabetes is the pathology that most frequently causes medical alterations in pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between the presence of alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates during pregnancy and the risk of presenting adverse obstetric outcomes in the mother and the fetus. Patients and method An observational study was conducted in 799 women who had just given birth. The clinical and obstetric characteristics of the patients, as well as the data related to pregnancy and delivery, including the state of the newborn were analyzed. The information was evaluated in relation to the alterations in the carbohydrate metabo…
Effectiveness of Private and Public High Schools: Evidence from Finland
2019
Abstract A number of papers have compared the effectiveness of private and public schools in different institutional settings. However, most of these studies are observational and do not utilize experimental or quasi-experimental design to evaluate the value-added or the effectiveness of private schools in comparison to public schools. This study focuses on private and public high schools in Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. We use two different methods to compare private and public schools, value-added estimation and regression discontinuity design (RDD). Although based on somewhat different assumptions, both methods allow us to evaluate the causal effect of private schools on the exi…
Estimation of causal effects with small data in the presence of trapdoor variables
2021
We consider the problem of estimating causal effects of interventions from observational data when well-known back-door and front-door adjustments are not applicable. We show that when an identifiable causal effect is subject to an implicit functional constraint that is not deducible from conditional independence relations, the estimator of the causal effect can exhibit bias in small samples. This bias is related to variables that we call trapdoor variables. We use simulated data to study different strategies to account for trapdoor variables and suggest how the related trapdoor bias might be minimized. The importance of trapdoor variables in causal effect estimation is illustrated with rea…
Surrogate outcomes and transportability
2019
Identification of causal effects is one of the most fundamental tasks of causal inference. We consider an identifiability problem where some experimental and observational data are available but neither data alone is sufficient for the identification of the causal effect of interest. Instead of the outcome of interest, surrogate outcomes are measured in the experiments. This problem is a generalization of identifiability using surrogate experiments and we label it as surrogate outcome identifiability. We show that the concept of transportability provides a sufficient criteria for determining surrogate outcome identifiability for a large class of queries.
Sensitive nerve function measurement in facial trauma : an observational study
2020
Background Facial trauma is responsible for various types of health damage and may be functional or aesthetic. Depending on the degree of energy released in this type of trauma, sometimes an irreversibility degree is obtained. This study aimed to perform an objective evaluation of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries resulting from mandibular fractures and midface, using silicon monofilaments. Material and Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. All patients with maxillofacial fractures, who were hospitalized by the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Instituto Dr. José Frota Hospital, were randomly recruited and screened for inclusion in the present study. Sixt…
Intimate partner violence and perinatal health: a systematic review
2019
Background Physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) has been described in the literature as different types of IPV experienced by women during pregnancy all over the world. Objectives To review and summarise systematically the empirical evidence on the links between IPV during pregnancy and the perinatal health of mothers and fetuses/neonates. Search strategy MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Embase, Nursing@ovid (Ovid), and LILACS were performed (2008-2018). Selection criteria Observational studies that examined perinatal health outcomes (i.e. pre-term birth, low birthweight, miscarriage, perinatal death, and premature rupture of membranes) in pregnant women exposed to IPV…