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Reproductive costs and litter size in the bank vole.
1995
The potential reproductive costs for free-ranging bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) offspring and mothers were assessed by manipulating litter size and by determining the effects of nursing varied numbers of offspring. Litter enlargement did not increase the number of weanlings per mother. The mass of juveniles was significantly lower in the enlarged litters and higher in the reduced litters, compared to the control group. However, the survival of juveniles from weaning aged three months did not depend on their mass at weaning. Data from a previous study (Mappes et al. 1995) indicated that a higher mass at weaning may increase juveniles' abilities to maturate and breed during their summer…
Absence of long-term effects of reproduction on longevity in the mouse model.
2014
Background Most human demographic data, particularly those on natural fertility populations, find no relationship or even a positive association between fertility and longevity. The present study aims to ascertain whether there is a trade-off between fertility and longevity in the mouse model. Methods The study was focused on the first litter produced by 10- to 14-wk-old hybrid (C57BL/6JIco female X CBA/JIco male) mice. A single female/male per litter was individually housed with a male/female at the age of 25 and 52 wk, respectively, until the end of reproductive life in females or natural death in males under controlled housing conditions. Post-reproductive females and virgin mice were re…
Is reproduction really costly? Energy metabolism of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) females through the reproductive cycle
2007
Energetic requirements during reproduction are important determinants of the onset of reproduction and of breeding strategy (e.g., breeding post-partum) and therefore affect female reproductive output in seasonally varying environments. To balance the energetic needs of breeding with energy availability, females must optimize energy allocation between their own energy use and energy allocated to their litter. Here, we studied energetic costs and potential energetic trade-offs of reproduction in female bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). We measured energy consumption, i.e., metabolic rates as determined from carbon dioxide production of females either with their pups (breeding unit) to fi…
Offspring growth, survival and reproductive success in the bank vole: a litter size manipulation experiment.
1998
To estimate the optimality of brood size, it is essential to study the effects of brood size manipulation on offspring survival and reproductive success. Moreover, testing the generality of the hypothesis of reproductive costs requires experimental data from a diversity of organisms. Here I present data on the growth, survival and reproductive success of bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus individuals from manipulated litters. Furthermore, the survival of mothers whose litter size was manipulated was studied. At weaning, the mean weight of pups from enlarged litters was lower and from reduced litters higher compared to control litters. After winter, at the start of the breeding season, indivi…
Experimental manipulation of breeding density and litter size: effects on reproductive success in the bank vole
1999
1. Reproductive success of individual females may be determined by density-dependent effects, especially in species where territory provides the resources for a reproducing female and territory size is inversely density-dependent. 2. We manipulated simultaneously the reproductive effort (litter size manipulation: ± 0 and + 2 pups) and breeding density (low and high) of nursing female bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus in outdoor enclosures. We studied whether the reproductive success (number and quality of offspring) of individual females is density-dependent, and whether females can compensate for increased reproductive effort when not limited by saturated breeding density. 3. The females …
Sex–biased maternal investment in voles: importance of environmental conditions
2004
Adaptive bias in sex allocation is traditionally proposed to be related to the condition of mothers as well as to the unequal fitness values of produced sexes. A positive relationship between mother condition and investment into male offspring is often predicted. This relationship was also recently found to depend on environmental conditions. We studied these causalities experimentally using a design where winter food supply was manipulated in eight outdoor-enclosed populations of field voles Microtus agrestis. At the beginning of the breeding season in spring, food-supplemented mothers seemed to be in a similar condition, measured as body mass, head width, body condition index and parasite…
Long-Term Effects of Postovulatory Aging of Mouse Oocytes on Offspring: A Two-Generational Study1
1999
Aims of this study were to analyze the long-term effects of postovulatory aging of mouse oocytes on 1) reproductive traits of parental (F(0)) and first (F(1))-generation females (pregnancy rate, gestation length, litter size, perinatal death, and sex ratio of offspring) and 2) developmental and behavioral variables of F(1) and second-generation (F(2)) offspring (birth weight and weight gain during preweaning development, postnatal day of attainment of immediate righting, spontaneous motor activity, and passive and active conditioned learning ability). Hybrid (C57BL/6JIco x CBA/JIco) females were artificially inseminated at 13 h (control group) or 22 h (oocyte-aged group) after GnRH injectio…
Una “nuova” Livia da Leptis Magna: osservazioni sul contributo delle botteghe attiche nell’elaborazione e diffusione dell’immaginario imperiale
2012
the paper focuses on a very fine peplophoros from leptis Magna, now in the local archaeological Museum, which was briefly mentioned in two wide-ranging studies about the iconography of livia (Freyerschauenburg 1982, Bartman 1999), but more recently omitted by a. alexandridis (2004) as unidentifiable. in spite of difficulties in respect of the lack of provenance or restoration record (it was probably found during the “new excavations” conducted by E. Vergara Caffarelli 1954-1960), stylistic and some iconographic details confirm that the body and portrait head can belong together. the head combines a very idealized, classical face with a hairstyle which is a Typenklitterung of two portrait ty…
Pre-conception maternal helminth infection transfers via nursing long-lasting cellular immunity against helminths to offspring
2019
Mothers transfer immune cells via breastfeeding to provide offspring with long-term protection from parasitic infection.
Off-label long acting injectable antipsychotics in real-world clinical practice: a cross-sectional analysis of prescriptive patterns from the STAR Ne…
2022
Introduction: Information on the off–label use of Long–Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in the real world is lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients treated with on– vs off–label LAIs and predictors of off–label First– or Second–Generation Antipsychotic (FGA vs. SGA) LAI choice in everyday clinical practice. Method: In a naturalistic national cohort of 449 patients who initiated LAI treatment in the STAR Network Depot Study, two groups were identified based on off– or on–label prescriptions. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test several clinically relevant variables and identify those associated with th…