Search results for "Opioid"
showing 10 items of 320 documents
δ 1‐OPIOID receptor‐mediated controlofacetylcholine (ACh) release in human neocortex slices
1998
In slices of human neocortex, prelabelled with [3H]-choline, the release of [3H]-acetylcholine reflects the evoked release of endogenous acetylcholine which was elicited by the same electrical stimulation paradigm. [3H]-Acetylcholine release was depressed by the delta-opioid receptor agonist D-Pen2-D-Pen5-enkephalin. When the nerve endings were depolarized by elevating extracellular potassium the evoked [3H]-acetylcholine release was similarly depressed by D-Pen2-D-Pen5-enkephalin in the absence, but not in the presence, of tetrodotoxin which blocks action potential propagation. Therefore, the delta-opioid receptor inhibiting [3H]-acetylcholine release should not be located to cholinergic n…
Lack of plasmic beta-endorphin response to a gastronomic meal in healthy humans.
1991
Abstract In order to study the relationship between the endogenous opiate system and food intake in man, plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin were measured in ten healthy subjects. Time course of beta-endorphinemia was compared under the following conditions: basal (fasting), after an injection of pentagastrin (6 μg/kg), or after a gastronomic meal. No changes in plasma beta-endorphin or ACTH concentrations were observed with pentagastrin nor after the meal, despite the combination of very high sensory pleasure with intake of a very large amount of food. It is concluded that blood beta-endorphin concentration is not a sensitive index of the effects of food intake on the endogenous opioid…
Morphine versus methadone in the pain treatment of advanced-cancer patients followed up at home
1998
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and adverse effects and the doses of methadone in comparison to morphine. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective randomized study was performed in a sample of 40 patients with advanced cancer who required strong opioids for their pain management. Patients were treated with sustained-release morphine or methadone in doses titrated against the effect administered two or three times daily according to clinical need. Opioid doses, adjuvant medications, symptoms associated with opioid therapy, pain intensity, and pain mechanisms were recorded. The opioid escalation indices in percentage (OEI%) and milligrams (OEImg) were calculated. The eff…
Determinants of prescription opioid use: population‐based evidence from Finland
2019
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have shown that prescription opioid use is more common in socio-economically disadvantaged communities in the United States. This study examined the area and individual-level determinants of prescription opioid use in Finland during the period 1995-2016. DESIGN Logistic regression analysis using nation-wide data on filled opioid-related prescriptions dispensed at Finnish pharmacies and covered by National Health Insurance. Opioid consumption was linked, using personal identification codes, to population-based data maintained by Statistics Finland, which records individual background and area-level characteristics. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Working-age pop…
Analgesic efficacy of ketorolac associated with a tramadol/acetaminophen combination after third molar surgery - a randomized, triple-blind clinical …
2019
Background This study compared the efficacy of ketorolac alone versus its combination with tramadol/acetaminophen for pain control after mandibular third molar surgery. Material and Methods A randomized, triple-blind clinical trial was carried out with 52 patients divided into 2 groups: Group K+T+A (1 tablet of Ketorolac 10 mg plus and 1 capsule of Tramadol 37.5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg) and Group K (1 tablet of Ketorolac 10 mg plus and 1 placebo capsule). The treatments were given 1 h before the surgery and was repeated 4 times per day, for 48 h. The difference in postoperative pain was assessed by 4 primary end-points: pain intensity (VAS 100mm, for 48 h), rescue medication, overall assess…
The Endogenous Opioid System Is Not Involved in Modulation of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia
2009
Abstract Some recent studies suggested a role of the endogenous opioid system in modulating opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). In order to test this hypothesis, we conducted a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover study in healthy human volunteers. We utilized a well-established model of inducing OIH after a brief exposure to the μ-opioid agonist remifentanil using intradermal electrical stimulation. Patients were exposed to a randomized 90-minute infusion of remifentanil or saline placebo during 2 separate occasions. Development of OIH was quantified using changes in the average radius of the area of secondary hyperalgesia generated by electrical pain stimulation. A 2…
Fentanyl buccal tablets for breakthrough pain in highly tolerant cancer patients: preliminary data on the proportionality between breakthrough pain d…
2011
Abstract Context Cancer patients receiving high doses of opioids as background medication are challenging, and it would be useful clinically to know whether a rapid-onset opioid (ROO) for breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) may be started at a dose proportional to the background opioid dose. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) in doses proportional to the opioid dose administered for background analgesia in a sample of patients with BTcP who were receiving high doses of opioids. Methods Twelve patients who were receiving opioids for background analgesia at doses equivalent to more than 500 mg of oral morphine and had adequat…
Pain Mechanisms Involved and Outcome in Advanced Cancer Patients with Possible Indications for Celiac Plexus Block and Superior Hypogastric Plexus Bl…
2002
Aims and Background There is controversy about the role of neurolytic sympathetic blocks in advanced cancer, when pain syndromes may assume other characteristics, with a possible involvement of structures other than visceral. The aim of the present study was to assess the pain characteristics and the analgesic response of a consecutive sample of home care patients with pancreatic and pelvic pain, which would have possible indications for a celiac plexus block and a superior hypogastric block, respectively. Methods From January 1999 to December 1999, 400 consecutive advanced cancer patients were surveyed for a prospective longitudinal survey. We considered only patients who had pancreatic ca…
High opiate receptor binding potential in the human lateral pain system
2005
To determine how opiate receptor distribution is co-localized with the distribution of nociceptive areas in the human brain, eleven male healthy volunteers underwent one PET scan with the subtype-nonselective opioidergic radioligand [(18)F]fluoroethyl-diprenorphine under resting conditions. The binding potential (BP), a parameter for the regional cerebral opioid receptor availability, was computed using the occipital cortex as reference region. The following regions of interest (ROIs) were defined on individual MR images: thalamus, sensory motor strip (SI/MI area), frontal operculum, parietal operculum, anterior insular cortex, posterior insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; peri-…
Perioperative nonspecific histamine release : a new classification by aetiological mechanisms and evaluation of their clinical relevance
1993
As a consequence of the performance of a randomized controlled clinical trial on perioperative histamine release and cardiovascular and respiratory disturbances, several types of increases in plasma histamine had to be distinguished instead of only two which existed at the beginning of the study: drug-induced allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. First of all, the new classification by aetiology (clinical epidemiology) was derived from a meta-analysis (secondary analysis) of the most recent literature. According to that histamine release in the perioperative period has several, different causes and is involved in several, different disease manifestations. A clear distinction (classificatio…