Search results for "Opportunistic Infection"
showing 10 items of 70 documents
Host immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection
2010
Species of the genus Cryptosporidium are protozoan parasites (Apicomplexa) that cause gastroenteritis in animals and humans. Of these Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the major causative agents of human cryptosporidiosis. Whereas infection is self-limiting in the immunocompetent hosts, immunocompromised individuals develop a chronic, life-threatening disease. As specific therapeutic or preventive interventions are not yet available, better understanding of the immune response to the parasite is required. This minireview briefly summarizes the factors involved in the innate and acquired immune response in this pathogen-host interaction with an emphasis on more recent da…
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, pathogenic for eels, is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans
1996
We report that the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans. Results from a detailed comparative study using reference strains of both biotypes revealed that the clinical strain ATCC 33817, originally isolated from a human leg wound and classified as V. vulnificus (no reference on its biotype is noted), belongs to biotype 2 of the species. As a biotype 2 strain, it is negative for indole and pathogenic for eels and mice, harbors two plasmids of high MrS, and belongs to serogroup E, recently proposed as characteristic of biotype 2 strains. In consequence, appropriate measures must be taken by consumers, particularly by those running a health risk,…
[Norovirus infections: an overview]
2010
National audience; Noroviruses belong to the Caliciviridae family. They are a major cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis in all age groups, and are responsible for a considerable disease burden in industrialized countries. Noroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses, and show great genetic diversity making their detection difficult. Noroviruses can be divided into 5 genogroups, which themselves are subdivided into genotypes. Besides chance mutations that occur during viral replication, the great heterogeneity observed among noroviruses is also due to intra and inter-genotypic recombination events between strains. Some of these new variants or new recombinants are frequen…
Toxoplasmosis after hematopoietic stem transplantation. Report of a 5-year survey from the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group fo…
2000
Toxoplasmosis after hematopoietic stem transplantation. Report of a 5-year survey from the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in hematology and oncology
2003
Invasive fungal infections are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. Establishing a definite diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in febrile neutropenic patients is particularly challenging and time-consuming, but a delay of antifungal treatment leads to higher mortality. This situation has lead to the strategy of initiation "empirical" antifungal therapy prior to the detection of fungi. Meanwhile, improvements in diagnostic procedures are achieved, especially with imaging techniques and non-culture based methods which include antigen-based assays, metabolite detection and molecular detection of fungal DNA from body fluid samples using con…
Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of oral candidiasis
2013
Introduction: Candidiasis or oral candidiasis is the most frequent mucocutaneous mycosis of the oral cavity. It is produced by the genus Candida, which is found in the oral cavity of 53% of the general population as a common commensal organism. One hundred and fifty species have been isolated in the oral cavity, and 80% of the isolates correspond to Candida albicans, which can colonize the oral cavity alone or in combination with other species. Transformation from commensal organism to pathogen depends on the intervention of different predisposing factors that modify the microenvironment of the oral cavity and favor the appearance of opportunistic infection. The present study offers a liter…
How to manage aspergillosis in non-neutropenic intensive care unit patients.
2014
Invasive aspergillosis has been mainly reported among immunocompromised patients during prolonged periods of neutropenia. Recently, however, non-neutropenic patients in the ICU population have shown an increasing risk profile for aspergillosis. Associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and corticosteroid therapy have been frequently documented in this cohort. Difficulties in achieving a timely diagnosis of aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients is related to the non-specificity of symptoms and to lower yields with microbiological tests compared to neutropenic patients. Since high mortality rates are typical of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients, a high level …
VIH et noma au Burkina Faso
2012
Summary Introduction Noma is a “gangrenous” disease beginning in gums and spreading to other parts of the face. It usually occurs in undernourished children with bad orodental hygiene. Its incidence in adults is increasing. HIV infection is very common in African countries. We had for objective to compare noma characteristics in patients with, or without, HIV. Material and methods This retrospective and descriptive study included patients managed for noma in our unit from January 1988 to December 2007. The clinical, epidemiological, and outcome data of patients treated for noma were compared according to HIV infection status. Results Two hundred and twelve patients were included and 14 (6.6…
Die Lungentuberkulose – aktuelle radiologische Diagnostik einer alten Krankheit
2000
Inzidenz. Abnehmende Inzidenzen aktiver Tuberkulose in den Industrielandern haben diese Erkrankung aus dem Bewusstsein vieler verdrangt. Dennoch stellt die Tuberkulose weiterhin weltweit die am haufigsten zum Tode fuhrende Infektionskrankheit dar. In den Industrielandern tragen Faktoren wie Einwanderungsbewegungen, zunehmende Verarmung und die Zunahme immunsupprimierter Patienten, insbesondere durch die HIV-Epidemie, dazu bei, dass ein Reservoir fur die Tuberkulose aufrecht erhalten wird. Diagnose. Eine fruhzeitige Diagnose ist wegen der spezifischen Therapiemoglichkeiten entscheidend fur den Krankheitsverlauf; im Falle von multiresistenten Stammen ist sie wichtig zur Verhinderung einer wei…
The Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) and the Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) Clinical Practice Guideline…
2010
Biological therapies are an important step in the management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. In consideration of high cost and safety issues there is the need to have clear recommendations for their use. Despite the American Gastroenterological Association and the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation have published exhaustive Inflammatory Bowel Disease guidelines, national guidelines may be necessary as cultural values, economical and legal issues may differ between countries. For these reasons the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease have decided to elaborate the Italian guidelines on the use of biologics in Inflammatory…