Search results for "Optical phenomena"

showing 10 items of 25 documents

Changes in Accommodation and Ocular Aberration With Simultaneous Vision Multifocal Contact Lenses

2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate ocular aberration changes through different simultaneous vision multifocal contact lenses (CLs). Methods: Eighteen young-adult subjects with a mean age of 29.8 +/- 2.11 years took part. Changes in accommodative response, spherical aberration (C-4(0)), horizontal coma (C-3(1)), vertical coma (C-3(-1)), and root mean square (RMS) of higher-order aberrations (HOAs, third to sixth orders) were evaluated. Measurements were obtained with a distance-single vision CL and 2 aspheric multifocal CLs of simultaneous focus center-near design (PureVision Low Add and PureVision High Add) for 2 accommodative stimuli (-2.50 and -4.00 D). All measurements were…

AdultMaleAccommodative responseCross-Over StudiesOptical Phenomenagenetic structuresContact Lensesbusiness.industryVisual AcuityAccommodation OcularComa (optics)Mean ageRefraction Oculareye diseasesOphthalmologyOcular physiologySpherical aberrationCLs upper limitsHumansMedicineOptometryFemalebusinessAccommodationEye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice
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Effect of probe contact pressure on the photoplethysmographic assessment of conduit artery stiffness

2013

Currently, photoplethysmography (PPG) is a frequently studied optical blood pulsation detection tech- nique among biophotonic and biomedical researchers due to the fact that it shows high potential for estimating the arterial stiffness (AS). The extraction of diagnostically useful information requires standardized measurement pro- cedure with good repeatability. However, the effects of a crucially important factor—the optimal contact pressure (CP) of the probe—are often ignored. Also, CP values are not reported to evaluate those effects. It is hypothesized that AS estimated from PPG pulse wave 2nd derivative parameter b∕a is strongly inconsistent when recorded at nonoptimal probe CP. Our pi…

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyMaterials scienceOptical PhenomenaCoefficient of variationBiomedical EngineeringBlood PressureDerivativePulse Wave AnalysisSignalBiomaterialsYoung AdultVascular StiffnessPhotoplethysmogramPressuremedicineHumansPulse wavePhotoplethysmographyBlood VolumePulse (signal processing)Optical DevicesRepeatabilityAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSurgeryTransducerFemaleBiomedical engineeringJournal of Biomedical Optics
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Influence of optic quality on contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in eyes with a rigid or flexible phakic intraocular lens

2009

Purpose To determine whether the difference in optic quality between 2 types of phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs) affects visual quality. Setting Fundacion Oftalmologica del Mediterraneo, Valencia, Spain. Methods Before implantation of a pIOL for myopia, all eyes had an examination including corrected (CDVA) and uncorrected (UDVA) distance visual acuity testing, corneal endothelial cell count (ECC), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. The postoperative outcomes, determined at least 1 year after surgery, were CDVA; UDVA; contrast sensitivity function under photopic, mesopic, and mesopic with glare conditions; ECC; IOP; keratometry (Scheimpflug photography); and total ocular aberratio…

AdultPhakic Intraocular LensesIntraocular pressuremedicine.medical_specialtyVisual acuityOptical Phenomenagenetic structuresAnterior ChamberMesopic visionmedicine.medical_treatmentmedia_common.quotation_subjectVisual AcuityCell CountIntraocular lensProsthesis DesignPhakic intraocular lensGlarelaw.inventionContrast SensitivityLens Implantation IntraocularlawOphthalmologyMyopiamedicineHumansContrast (vision)Intraocular Pressuremedia_commonKeratometerbusiness.industryEndothelium Cornealeye diseasesSensory SystemsOphthalmologyOptometrySurgerysense organsmedicine.symptombusinessPhotopic visionJournal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
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Simulating quantum-optical phenomena with optical lattices

2011

Cold atoms trapped in optical lattices have been proved to be very versatile quantum systems in which a large class of many-body condensed-matter Hamiltonians can be simulated [1].

Condensed Matter::Quantum GasesQuantum opticsPhysicsOptical latticePhotonPhotodetectionOptical microcavitylaw.inventionOptical phenomenaOptical phase spacelawQuantum mechanicsMathematics::Metric GeometryPhysics::Atomic PhysicsQuantumComputer Science::Databases2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)
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Generation of Bessel beam arrays through Dammann gratings.

2012

In this work we apply the Dammann grating concept to generate an equal-intensity square array of Bessel quasi-free diffraction beams that diverge from a common center. We generate a binary phase mask that combines the axicon phase with the phase of a Dammann grating. The procedure can be extended to include vortex spiral phases that generate an array of optical pipes. Experimental results are provided by means of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display operating as a binary π phase spatial light modulator.

DiffractionLightOptical PhenomenaPhase (waves)Physics::OpticsGratingAxiconOpticsScattering RadiationComputer SimulationElectrical and Electronic EngineeringEngineering (miscellaneous)Diffraction gratingPhysicsSpatial light modulatorbusiness.industryLasersOptical DevicesEquipment DesignModels TheoreticalAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsLiquid CrystalsRefractometryBessel beamComputer-Aided DesignbusinessPhase modulationAlgorithmsApplied optics
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Chirality and electronic structure of the thiolate-protected Au38 nanocluster.

2010

Structural, electronic, and optical properties of the thiolate-protected Au(38)(SR)(24) cluster are studied by density-functional theory computations (R = CH(3) and R = C(6)H(13)) and by powder X-ray crystallography (R = C(12)H(25)). A low-energy structure which can be written as Au(23)@(Au(SR)(2))(3)(Au(2)(SR)(3))(6) having a bi-icosahedral core and a chiral arrangement of the protecting gold-thiolate Au(x)(SR)(y) units yields an excellent match between the computed (for R = C(6)H(13)) and measured (for R = C(12)H(25)) powder X-ray diffraction function. We interpret in detail the electronic structure of the Au(23) core by using a particle-in-a-cylinder model. Although the alkane thiolate l…

DiffractionModels MolecularCircular dichroismOptical PhenomenaMolecular ConformationStereoisomerismElectronsElectronic structureBiochemistryCatalysisAbsorptionColloid and Surface ChemistryX-Ray DiffractionCluster (physics)Sulfhydryl CompoundsChemistryLigandCircular DichroismStereoisomerismGeneral ChemistryNanostructuresCrystallographyX-ray crystallographyQuantum TheoryGoldChirality (chemistry)Journal of the American Chemical Society
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Fractal-structured multifocal intraocular lens

2017

[EN] In this work, we present a new concept of IOL design inspired by the demonstrated properties of reduced chromatic aberration and extended depth of focus of Fractal zone plates. A detailed description of a proof of concept IOL is provided. The result was numerically characterized, and fabricated by lathe turning. The prototype was tested in vitro using dedicated optical system and software. The theoretical Point Spread Function along the optical axis, computed for several wavelengths, showed that for each wavelength, the IOL produces two main foci surrounded by numerous secondary foci that partially overlap each other for different wavelengths. The result is that both, the near focus an…

DiffractionOptical PhenomenaFocus (geometry)VisionSocial Scienceslcsh:MedicinePhysics::Optics01 natural sciences0302 clinical medicineMedicine and Health SciencesPsychologylcsh:ScienceLens (Anatomy)PhysicsMultidisciplinaryPhysicsOphthalmic ProceduresCataract SurgeryOptical LensesWavelengthFractalsOptical EquipmentPhysical SciencesEngineering and TechnologySensory PerceptionAnatomyDiffractionResearch ArticlePoint spread functionOcular AnatomyGeometryEquipmentSurgical and Invasive Medical ProceduresIn Vitro TechniquesProsthesis DesignProof of Concept Study010309 optics03 medical and health sciencesFractalOpticsOcular SystemOptical transfer function0103 physical sciencesChromatic aberrationPrototypesComputer Simulationbusiness.industrylcsh:RBiology and Life SciencesModels TheoreticalMultifocal Intraocular LensesOptical axisTechnology DevelopmentFISICA APLICADAWaves030221 ophthalmology & optometryEyeslcsh:QbusinessHeadMathematicsNeuroscience
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Operational modes of a ferroelectric LCoS modulator for displaying binary polarization, amplitude, and phase diffraction gratings

2009

We analyze the performance of a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon display (FLCoS) as a binary polarization diffraction grating. We analyze the correspondence between the two polarization states emerging from the displayed grating and the polarization and intensity of the diffracted orders generated at the Fourier diffraction plane. This polarization-diffraction analysis leads, in a simple manner, to configurations yielding binary amplitude or binary phase modulation by incorporating an analyzer on the reflected beam. Based on this analysis, we present two useful variations of the polarization configuration. The first is a simplification using a single polarizer, which provides equival…

DiffractionSiliconMaterials scienceOptical Phenomenabusiness.industryMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Optical DevicesPhysics::OpticsAcousto-opticsGratingPolarizerDiffraction efficiencyIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringLiquid Crystalslaw.inventionUltrasonic gratingOpticslawBlazed gratingBusiness and International ManagementbusinessDiffraction gratingIron CompoundsApplied Optics
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Mapping the plasmonic response of gold nanoparticles embedded in TiO2thin films

2015

We present the mapping of the plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles that are embedded in a TiO2 thin film deposited over two different substrates, glass and silicon. An improved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) imaging technique was used to extract plasmon maps with nanometre resolution. Several representative cases of randomly dispersed NPs have been examined to carefully evaluate surrounding effects on the optical response of such nanostructured material. Data were compared to analytical calculations and showed good agreement. These results validate previous structural and far-field optical results and provide a clear description of the optical phenomena that take place at a …

FabricationMaterials scienceSiliconMechanical Engineeringchemistry.chemical_elementBioengineeringNanotechnologyGeneral ChemistryOptical phenomenachemistryMechanics of MaterialsColloidal goldGeneral Materials ScienceNanometreElectrical and Electronic EngineeringThin filmSpectroscopyPlasmonNanotechnology
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Optical chemosensors and reagents to detect explosives

2012

[EN] This critical review is focused on examples reported from 1947 to 2010 related to the design of chromo-fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for explosives (141 references). © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

INGENIERIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIONMaterials scienceOptical PhenomenaExplosive materialNanotechnologyLight related phenomenaColorimetry (chemical method)Chemistry Techniques AnalyticalNitroaromatic explosivesQUIMICA ORGANICAExplosive AgentsQUIMICA ANALITICAIndicatorsChemical analysisDyesReagentsQUIMICA INORGANICAOptical ProcessesGeneral ChemistryMarkers and buffersExplosive AgentsSpectrometry FluorescenceSpectrofluorometryIndicators and ReagentsColorimetryOptical Processes
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