Search results for "Orchid"

Projecting Exposure to Extreme Climate Impact Events Across Six Event Categories and Three Spatial Scales

2020

Summarization: The extent and impact of climate‐related extreme events depend on the underlying meteorological, hydrological, or climatological drivers as well as on human factors such as land use or population density. Here we quantify the pure effect of historical and future climate change on the exposure of land and population to extreme climate impact events using an unprecedentedly large ensemble of harmonized climate impact simulations from the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b. Our results indicate that global warming has already more than doubled both the global land area and the global population annually exposed to all six categories of extreme events co…

Floral scent in a sexually deceptive Ophrys orchid: from headspace collections to solvent extractions

2018

Sexually deceptive orchid flowers use visual, tactile and olfactory cues of female insects in order to attract males of one or a few closely related species as pollinators. Ophrys L. is the most species-rich genus of sexually deceptive orchids in the Mediterranean Basin. Despite Ophrys pollinated by Andrena male bees use alkanes and mainly alkenes with specific double-bond positions as key signals that trigger pseudocopulatory behavior, some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with low molecular weight were found as long-range attractants non-eliciting copulatory behavior. Since floral scents in Ophrys have been extensively studied by solvent extractions here we aimed to understand which flor…

Molecular evidence supports simultaneous association of the achlorophyllous orchid Chamaegastrodia inverta with ectomycorrhizal Ceratobasidiaceae and…

2020

Abstract Background Achlorophyllous orchids are mycoheterotrophic plants, which lack photosynthetic ability and associate with fungi to acquire carbon from different environmental sources. In tropical latitudes, achlorophyllous forest orchids show a preference to establish mycorrhizal relationships with saprotrophic fungi. However, a few of them have been recently found to associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi and there is still much to be learned about the identity of fungi associated with tropical orchids. The present study focused on mycorrhizal diversity in the achlorophyllous orchid C. inverta, an endangered species, which is endemic to southern China. The aim of this work was to identi…

Notas taxonómicas y distributivas sobre <em>Serapias lingua</em> subsp. <em>tunetana</em> (Orchidaceae), una rara espècie end…

2019

Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana, una rara orquídea endémica con área de distribución restringida en Túnez, al norte de Túnez, ha sido redescubierta lejos de su localidad tipo después de 22 años. Desde su primer hallazgo en 1996 y su descripción publicada en 2005, la subespecie no se había encontrado nuevamente y se presume que se extinguió o fue identificada erróneamente. En este trabajo se proporciona una descripción detallada de la subespecie que justifica una enmienda a su descripción, y se aporta asimismo un mapa de distribución y varias fotografías. Se listan las principales afinidades de la subsp. tunetana con los táxones más estrechamente relacionados dentro del grupo de S. lingua qu…

2016

Several neotropical orchid genera have been proposed as being sexually deceptive; however, this has been carefully tested in only a few cases. The genus Telipogon has long been assumed to be pollinated by male tachinid flies during pseudocopulatory events but no detailed confirmatory reports are available. Here, we have used an array of methods to elucidate the pollination mechanism in Telipogon peruvianus. The species presents flowers that have a mean floral longevity of 33 days and that are self-compatible, although spontaneous self-pollination does not occur. The flowers attract males of four tachinid species but only the males of an undescribed Eudejeania (Eudejeania aff. browni; Tachin…

A Revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae)

2017

Sesuvium and Cypselea are closely related succulent genera within the Sesuvioideae (Aizoaceae). Since Cypselea is nested in Sesuvium in molecular studies and both genera share traits separating them from other members of the subfamily, we propose to include Cypselea in Sesuvium. Sesuvium (incl. Cypselea) comprises 14 species and is distributed worldwide with centres of diversity in southern Africa and North and Central America. Sesuvium comprises erect to procumbent herbs with opposite leaves that often bear conspicuous sheath-like lateral appendages on the petioles (pseudostipules). These and the many-seeded capsules are diagnostic traits, separating Sesuvium from the closely related gener…

Rumbling Orchids: How To Assess Divergent Evolution Between Chloroplast Endosymbionts and the Nuclear Host.

2015

Phylogenetic relationships inferred from multilocus organellar and nuclear DNA data are often difficult to resolve because of evolutionary conflicts among gene trees. However, conflicting or "outlier" associations (i.e., linked pairs of "operational terminal units" in two phylogenies) among these data sets often provide valuable information on evolutionary processes such as chloroplast capture following hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, and horizontal gene transfer. Statistical tools that to date have been used in cophylogenetic studies only also have the potential to test for the degree of topological congruence between organellar and nuclear data sets and reliably detect outlier …

Familial Central Hypothyroidism Caused by a Novel IGSF1 Gene Mutation.

2016

Congenital hypothyroidism of central origin (CH-C) is a rare disease in which thyroid hormone deficiency is caused by insufficient thyrotropin stimulation of a normal thyroid gland. A recently described syndrome of isolated CH-C and macroorchidism was attributed to loss-of-function mutations of the immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 gene (IGSF1).CH-C was diagnosed in three siblings. The TRH, TRHR, and TSHB genes were sequenced followed by whole-exome sequencing in the proband. A mutation identified in IGSF1 was analyzed by direct PCR sequencing in family members. The effects of the mutation were assessed by in vitro studies in HEK293 cells.The index case was negative for mutations in TRH,…

Micromorfologia fogliare comparata ed anatomia generale di Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) SW. ed E. helleborine (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae) in Sicilia

2009

HeterozygousFGF8mutations in patients presenting cryptorchidism and multiple VATER/VACTERL features without limb anomalies

2014

Background The acronym VATER/VACTERL association describes the combination of at least three of the following cardinal features: vertebral defects, anorectal malformations, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia, renal malformations, and limb defects. Although fibroblast growth factor-8 (FGF8) mutations have mainly found in patients with Kallmann syndrome, mice with a hypomorphic Fgf8 allele or complete gene invalidation display, aside from gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency, parts or even the entire spectrum of human VATER/VACTERL association. Methods We performed FGF8 gene analysis in 49 patients with VATER/VACTERL association and 27 patients …