Search results for "Oxazines"

showing 10 items of 108 documents

Reward-related limbic memory and stimulation of the cannabinoid system: An upgrade in value attribution?

2018

While a lot is known about the mechanisms promoting aversive learning, the impact of rewarding factors on memory has received comparatively less attention. This research investigates reward-related explicit memory in male rats, by taking advantage of the emotional-object recognition test. This is based on the prior association, during conditioned learning, between a rewarding experience (the encounter with a receptive female rat) and an object; afterwards rat discrimination and recognition of the â emotional objectâ is recorded in the presence of a novel object, as a measure of positive limbic memory formation. Since endocannabinoids are critical for processing reward and motivation, the co…

Male0301 basic medicineMorpholinesmedia_common.quotation_subjectmedicine.medical_treatmentConditioning ClassicalEmotionsStimulationNaphthalenes03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRewardMemoryAvoidance LearningLimbic SystemmedicineExplicit memoryAnimalsPharmacology (medical)Rats WistarAssociation (psychology)media_commonCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsPharmacologyMotivationAddictionreward-conditioningNoveltyRecognition PsychologyObject (computer science)emotional-object recognitionBenzoxazinesRatsPsychiatry and Mental health030104 developmental biologySettore BIO/14 - FarmacologiaFemaleCannabinoidPsychologyAttributionNeurosciencecannabinoid stimulationpsychological phenomena and processes030217 neurology & neurosurgeryEndocannabinoidsJournal of Psychopharmacology
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is involved in CB/TRPV1 signalling: Focus on control of hippocampal hyperexcitability

2017

Cannabinoids (CB), transient receptors potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and nitric oxide (NO) were found to be interlinked in regulating some neuronal functions such as membrane excitability and synaptic transmission. TRPV1 play a fundamental role since it represents a synaptic target for CB that triggers several downstream cellular pathways. In this regard, recent evidence report that TRPV1 could influence NO production by modulating neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) activity. In the present research, we pointed to manipulate nNOS function to assess its role on TRPV1 signalling in hyperexcitability conditions elicited in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation. The activation of TRPV1 recep…

Male0301 basic medicineTime FactorsAction PotentialsHippocampusStimulationNitric Oxide Synthase Type IHippocampal formationHippocampusSettore BIO/09 - Fisiologia0302 clinical medicineRosaniline DyesEnzyme InhibitorsChemistryElectrophysiologyNeurologyExcitatory postsynaptic potentialAnticonvulsantsSignal TransductionAgonistIndazolesmedicine.drug_classMorpholinesTRPV1TRPV Cation ChannelsMaximal Dentate ActivationNaphthalenesNeurotransmissionArginineTransient receptors potential vanilloid type 103 medical and health sciencesHippocampumedicineAnimalsRats WistarCannabinoidAnalysis of VarianceCannabinoidsDentate gyrusNitric oxideElectric StimulationBenzoxazinesRats030104 developmental biologynervous systemSensory System AgentsCannabinoids; Electrophysiology; Hippocampus; Maximal Dentate Activation; Nitric oxide; Transient receptors potential vanilloid type 1; Neurology; Neurology (clinical)Neurology (clinical)CapsaicinNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryEpilepsy Research
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Effect of the CB1 cannabinoid agonist WIN 55212-2 on the acquisition and reinstatement of MDMA-induced conditioned place preference in mice

2010

AbstractBackgroundNumerous reports indicate that MDMA users consume other psychoactive drugs, among which cannabis is one of the most common. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, using the conditioned place preference, the effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on the rewarding effects of MDMA in mice.MethodsIn the first experiment adolescent mice were initially conditioned with 1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg of MDMA or 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg of WIN and subsequently with both drugs. Reinstatement of the extinguished preference by priming doses was performed in the groups that showed CPP. In the second experiment, animals were conditioned with 2.5 or 5 mg/kg of MDMA and, after extinction, r…

MaleAgonistCannabinoid receptormedicine.drug_classMorpholinesN-Methyl-34-methylenedioxyamphetamineCognitive Neurosciencemedicine.medical_treatmentMice Inbred StrainsNaphthalenesPharmacologylcsh:RC346-429Extinction PsychologicalMiceBehavioral NeuroscienceSerotonin AgentsPiperidinesReceptor Cannabinoid CB1RewardRimonabantConditioning Psychologicalmental disordersmedicineAnimalsDrug Interactionslcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemBiological PsychiatryBrain ChemistryBehavior AnimalDose-Response Relationship DrugbiologyResearchMDMAGeneral MedicineExtinction (psychology)Calcium Channel Blockersbiology.organism_classificationConditioned place preferenceBenzoxazinesNeuroprotective AgentsPyrazolesCannabinoidCannabisRimonabantPsychologypsychological phenomena and processesmedicine.drugBehavioral and Brain Functions
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Acute blockade of CB1 receptor leads to reinstatement of MDMA-induced conditioned place preference

2011

Cannabis is one of the drugs most commonly consumed in combination with ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA). Although numerous studies have attempted to further our understanding of the role of the cannabinoid system in drug abuse, few have focused on how it influences the rewarding effects of MDMA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in vulnerability to reinstatement of a MDMA-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Mice were first conditioned with 5mg/kg of MDMA. Once the preference had been extinguished, a priming dose of MDMA, alone or plus the CB1 cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (0.1 and 0.5mg/kg) or the CB1 cannabino…

MaleAgonistCannabinoid receptormedicine.drug_classMorpholinesN-Methyl-34-methylenedioxyamphetaminemedicine.medical_treatmentDrug-Seeking BehaviorClinical BiochemistryEcstasyNaphthalenesPharmacologyToxicologyBiochemistryMiceBehavioral NeuroscienceReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Conditioning Psychologicalmental disordersmedicineAnimalsBiological PsychiatryPharmacologyDose-Response Relationship DrugCannabinoidsbusiness.industrymusculoskeletal neural and ocular physiologyAntagonistMDMAEndocannabinoid systemConditioned place preferenceBenzoxazinesnervous systemlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Cannabinoidbusinesspsychological phenomena and processesmedicine.drugPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
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Long-term effects on cortical glutamate release induced by prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist (r)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-m…

2003

The aim of the present in vivo microdialysis study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to the CB1 receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 mesylate (WIN; (R)-()-(2,3- dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo(1,2,3-de)- 1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-naphthalenylmethanone), at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (s.c. from the fifth to the 20th day of gestation), that causes neither malformations nor overt signs of toxicity, influences cortical glutamate extracellular levels in adult (90- day old) rats. Dam weight gain, pregnancy length and litter size at birth were not significantly affected by prenatal treatment with WIN. Basal and K-evoked dialysate glutamate levels were lower in the cerebral cortex of adul…

MaleAgonistmedicine.medical_specialtyMicrodialysisTime FactorsCannabinoid receptormedicine.drug_classMicrodialysisMorpholinesGlutamic Acidmaternal marijuana consumptionNaphthalenesBiologyTimechemistry.chemical_compoundGlutamatergicPiperidinesPregnancyInternal medicinebasal and K -evoked glutamate levelsmedicineAnimalsDrug InteractionsWakefulnessNeurotransmitterReceptorSR141716A; basal and K+-evoked glutamate levels; maternal marijuana consumptionCerebral CortexAnalysis of VarianceDose-Response Relationship DrugCannabinoidsGeneral NeuroscienceGlutamate receptorBenzoxazinesRatsEndocrinologyAnimals NewbornchemistryPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsSR141716AToxicityPotassiumPyrazolesSR141716A; basal and K -evoked glutamate levels; maternal marijuana consumption.CalciumFemaleRimonabantExtracellular Space
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Involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in mouse gastric preparations.

2007

Abstract While most of the studies concerning the role of cannabinoids on gastric motility have focused the attention on the gastric emptying in in vivo animal models, there is little information about the cannabinoid peripheral influence in the stomach. In addition, the functional features of CB2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract have been poorly characterized. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the excitatory cholinergic and inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission in mouse isolated gastric preparations. Intraluminal pressure from isolated whole stomach was recorded and mechanical responses induced by ele…

MaleCB1 receptorCannabinoid receptorIndolesmedicine.medical_treatmentGastric motilityReceptors PresynapticSettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaSynaptic TransmissionReceptor Cannabinoid CB2MicePiperidinesReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Cannabinoid receptor type 2StomachCholinergic Fiberslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Rimonabantmedicine.drugAgonistmedicine.medical_specialtyCarbacholmedicine.drug_classPolyunsaturated AlkamidesMorpholinesNeuromuscular JunctionArachidonic AcidsBiologyIn Vitro TechniquesNaphthalenesInternal medicineCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsmedicineAnimalsCannabinoidPharmacologyEnteric neurotransmissionGastric emptyingCannabinoidsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsCB2 receptorElectric StimulationBenzoxazinesMice Inbred C57BLEndocrinologyInhibitory Postsynaptic PotentialsCholinergicPyrazolesCannabinoidGastrointestinal MotilityGastric motilityEndocannabinoidsPharmacological research
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Protective activation of the endocannabinoid system during ischemia in dopamine neurons

2006

Endocannabinoids act as neuroprotective molecules promptly released in response to pathological stimuli. Hence, they may represent one component of protection and/or repair mechanisms mobilized by dopamine (DA) neurons under ischemia. Here, we show that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) plays a key role in protecting DA neurons from ischemia-induced altered spontaneous activity both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, neuroprotection can be elicited through moderate cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) activation. Conversely, blockade of endocannabinoid actions through CB1 receptor antagonism worsens the outcome of transient ischemia on DA neuronal activity. These findings indi…

MaleCannabinoid receptorDopaminePharmacologyBrain IschemiaMidbrainRats Sprague-DawleyMicePiperidinesReceptor Cannabinoid CB1IschemiaPremovement neuronal activityReceptorMice KnockoutNeuronsmusculoskeletal neural and ocular physiologyEndocannabinoid systemCB1NeuroprotectionElectrophysiologyNeurologylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Rimonabantpsychological phenomena and processesmedicine.drugSignal TransductionMorpholinesIschemiaArachidonic AcidsBiologyIn Vitro TechniquesNaphthalenesNeuroprotectionAmidohydrolasesGlycerideslcsh:RC321-571DopamineCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsmedicineAnimalslcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryEndocannabinoidVentral Tegmental Areamedicine.diseaseBlockadeBenzoxazinesRatsnervous systemPyrazolesNeuroscienceEndocannabinoidsNeurobiology of Disease
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Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

2016

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

MaleHuman immunodeficiency virus 1EtravirineRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitordarunavirHIV InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata:Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Salud públicageneticsInhibidores de proteasas:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings]atazanavirmedia_commontransmission:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings]3. Good healthmicrobial sensitivity testpriority journalEurope ; HIV-1 ; antiretroviral therapy ; drug resistance ; transmissionHIV/AIDSlamivudineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacologyanti human immunodeficiency virus agentDrugMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyantiviral susceptibility:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings]media_common.quotation_subjectantiretroviral therapy030106 microbiologyHIV Infections/drug therapy:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]Microbial Sensitivity TestsRILPIVIRINEArticleEFAVIRENZ03 medical and health sciencestransmitted drug resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHumansTransmissionhuman:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings]REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORSRilpivirinaINTEGRASEMUTATIONSabacavirmajor clinical studyVirologyInfecciones por VIHRegimenAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Medicine (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseaseschemistryDrug resistance:Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings]MutationHIV-10301 basic medicinenevirapineDrug resistanceCommunicable diseases:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compoundantiviral therapyINFECTIONMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalence:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]ViralNon-U.S. Gov'tReverse-transcriptase inhibitorantiretrovirus agentResearch Support Non-U.S. Gov'tMedicine (all)Human immunodeficiency virus infected patientMiddle AgedvirologyPREVALENCEAntiretroviral therapyEncuestas y CuestionariosANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENTEuropeInfectious DiseasesHIV-1/drug effectsHIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacologyRilpivirineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors:Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleHIV drug resistancemedicine.drugAdultHuman immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings]EfavirenzAnti-HIV AgentsResearch SupportResistencia a medicamentosSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEantiviral resistanceInternal medicineAnti-HIV Agents/pharmacologyDrug Resistance ViralJournal Articlemedicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]abacavir plus lamivudineEuropa (Continente)Antiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Europe; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prevalence; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesemtricitabinenonhumanIntervalos de confianzadrug resistanceMutaciónAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmissionbusiness.industryHIVpredictionInhibidores de la transcriptasa inversaHIV Protease InhibitorsHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectiontenofovirINDIVIDUALSDrug Resistance Viral/geneticsBenzoxazinasETRAVIRINEdrug effects3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinePrevalenciabusiness
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Increased levels of Th17 cells are associated with non-neuronal acetylcholine in COPD patients.

2014

T-lymphocytes, including Th17-cells and T-cells expressing acetylcholine (ACh), are key components of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated whether ACh promotes Th17 cells in COPD. ACh, IL-17A, IL-22, RORγt, FOXP3 expression and AChIL-17A, AChIL-22, AChRORγt coexpression was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from COPD patients (n=16), healthy smokers (HS) (n=12) and healthy control subjects (HC) (n=13) (cultured for 48 h with PMA) by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we studied the effect of Tiotropium (Spiriva®) (100 nM) and Olodaterol (1nM) alone or in combination, and of hemicholinium-3 (50 μM) on AChIL-17A, AChIL-22, AChRO…

MaleImmunologyIntracellular SpaceScopolamine DerivativesPharmacologySystemic inflammationPeripheral blood mononuclear cellCholinergic AntagonistsFlow cytometrychemistry.chemical_compoundPulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveRAR-related orphan receptor gammaRisk FactorsmedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansTiotropium BromideAgedAged 80 and overCOPDmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryInterleukinsOlodaterolInterleukin-17FOXP3Forkhead Transcription FactorsHematologyMiddle AgedNuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group F Member 3medicine.diseaseAcetylcholineBenzoxazineschemistryLeukocytes MononuclearTh17 CellsFemalemedicine.symptombusinessAcetylcholinemedicine.drugImmunobiology
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Prenatal exposure to the CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 causes learning disruption associated with impaired cortical NMDA receptor function and em…

2005

The aim of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) at a daily dose devoid of overt signs of toxicity and/or gross malformations (0.5 mg/kg, gestation days 5-20), influences cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission, learning and emotional reactivity in rat offspring. Basal and K+-evoked extracellular glutamate levels were significantly lower in cortical cell cultures obtained from pups exposed to WIN during gestation with respect to those measured in cultures obtained from neonates born from vehicle-treated dams. The addition of NMDA to cortical cell cultures from neonates born from vehicle-treated dams concentration-…

MaleMarijuana AbuseCannabinoid receptoractive avoidance behaviour; basal and K+-evoked glutamate levels; cortical cell cultures; homing behaviour; maternal marijuana consumption; ultrasonic vocalizationEmotionsReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Pregnancyactive avoidance behaviourWIN 55212-2Cells CulturedCerebral CortexBehavior AnimalGlutamate receptorBraincortical cell culturesCalcium Channel Blockersactive avoidance behaviour; basal and k plus -evoked glutamate levels; basal and k+-evoked glutamate levels; cortical cell cultures; homing behaviour; maternal marijuana consumption; ultrasonic vocalizationPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsChloratesNMDA receptorbasal and K+-evoked glutamate levelsFemaleMicrotubule-Associated Proteinsmedicine.drugAgonistmedicine.medical_specialtyOffspringmedicine.drug_classCognitive NeuroscienceMorpholinesGlutamic Acidmaternal marijuana consumptionNeurotransmissionBiologyNaphthalenesReceptors N-Methyl-D-AspartateCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceGlutamatergicInternal medicinemedicineAvoidance LearningAnimalsRats WistarBenzoxazinesRatsultrasonic vocalizationEndocrinologyAnimals Newbornhoming behaviourVocalization AnimalExtracellular SpaceNeuroscience
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