Search results for "Oxide"

Indicaxanthin inhibits NADPH oxidase (NOX)-1 activation and NF-κB-dependent release of inflammatory mediators and prevents the increase of epithelial…

2014

Dietary redox-active/antioxidant phytochemicals may help control or mitigate the inflammatory response in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of indicaxanthin (Ind), a pigment from the edible fruit of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, L.), was shown in an IBD model consisting of a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2 cells) stimulated by IL-1β, a cytokine known to play a major role in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory activity in IBD. The exposure of Caco-2 cells to IL-1β brought about the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX-1) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate intracellular signal…

Hypersusceptibility of neutrophil granulocytes towards lethal action of free fatty acids contained in enzyme-modified atherogenic low density lipopro…

2008

Abstract Objective The bulk of LDL entrapped in the arterial intima is modified by hydrolytic enzymes, leading to extensive cleavage of cholesterylesters and liberation of fatty acids. The latter induce apoptosis in endothelial cells but are far less cytotoxic towards macrophages. We have compared the cytotoxic effects of enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL) on macrophages and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Methods and results E-LDL displayed toxicity towards PMN at far lower concentrations than towards monocyte-derived macrophages. Native or oxidized LDL had no effect. Free fatty acids contained in E-LDL were the cause of the observed toxicity, which could be mimicked by linoleic acid…

Effects of the modulation of epoxide hydrolase activity on the binding of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites to DNA in the intact nuclei.

1983

Long-chain fatty alcohols from pomace olive oil modulate the release of proinflammatory mediators

2009

Pomace olive oil is a by-product of olive oil extraction that is traditionally produced and consumed in Spain. The nonglyceride matter of this oil is a good source of interesting minor compounds, like long-chain fatty alcohols, which are present free or as part of waxes. In the present study, long-chain fatty alcohols were isolated from the nonglyceride fraction of pomace olive oil, and the composition was identified and quantified. The major components of long-chain fatty alcohols were tetracosanol, hexacosanol and octacosanol. We investigated the ability of long-chain fatty alcohols from pomace olive oil to inhibit the release of different proinflammatory mediators in vitro by cells invol…

Heterodimer formation of wild-type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causing mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase induces toxicity independent of protei…

2008

Recent studies provide evidence that wild-type Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1(hWT)) might be an important factor in mutant SOD1-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In order to investigate its functional role in the pathogenesis of ALS, we designed fusion proteins of two SOD1 monomers linked by a polypeptide. We demonstrated that wild-type-like mutants, but not SOD1(G85R) homodimers, as well as mutant heterodimers including SOD1(G85R)-SOD1(hWT) display dismutase activity. Mutant homodimers showed an increased aggregation compared with the corresponding heterodimers in cell cultures and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans, although SOD1(G85R) heterodimers are more toxic in functiona…

Enzyme-Controlled Nanodevice for Acetylcholine-Triggered Cargo Delivery Based on Janus Au–Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

2017

[EN] This work reports a new gated nanodevice for acetylcholine-triggered cargo delivery. We prepared and characterized Janus Au-mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with acetylcholinesterase on the Au face and with supramolecular b-cyclodextrin: benzimidazole inclusion complexes as caps on the mesoporous silica face. The nanodevice is able to selectively deliver the cargo in the presence of acetylcholine via enzyme-mediated acetylcholine hydrolysis, locally lowering the pH and opening the supramolecular gate. Given the key role played by ACh and its relation with Parkinson's disease and other nervous system diseases, we believe that these findings could help design new therapeuti…

Inulin-Ethylenediamine Coated SPIONs Magnetoplexes: A Promising Tool for Improving siRNA Delivery.

2015

An inulin based polycation (Inu-EDA) has been synthesized by the grafting of ethylenediamine molecules onto inulin backbone. The obtained inulin copolymer has been though to coat SPIONs (IC-SPIONs) and obtain stable magnetoplexes by complexation of IC-SPIONs with a model duplexed siRNA, for improving oligonucleotide transfection efficiency.The physical-chemical characteristics of IC-SPIONs and IC-SPIONs/siRNA magnetoplexes have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, dynamic light scattering, FT-IR and qualitative surface elementary analysis. Cell compatibility and internalization in vitro of IC-SPIONs have been evaluated by MTS and fluorescence microscopy resp…

Zinc overload mediated by zinc oxide nanoparticles as innovative anti-tumor agent

2017

The predicted global cancer burden is expected to surpass 20 million new cancer cases by 2025. Despite recent advancement in tumor therapy, a successful cancer treatment remains challenging. The emerging field of nanotechnology offers great opportunities for diagnosis, imaging, as well as treatment of cancer. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) were shown to exert selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells via a yet unknown mechanism, most likely involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These nanoparticles are a promising therapeutic opportunity as zinc is a nontoxic trace element and its application in medically-related products is considered to be safe. We could show that …

Multiparametric evaluation of the cytoprotective effect of the Mangifera indica L. stem bark extract and mangiferin in HepG2 cells.

2012

Abstract Objective Mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark extract (MSBE) is a natural product with biological properties and mangiferin is the major component. This paper reported the evaluation of the protective effects of MSBE and mangiferin against the toxicity induced in HepG2 cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or amiodarone. Method Nuclear morphology, cell viability, intracellular calcium concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured by using a high-content screening multiparametric assay. Key findings MSBE and mangiferin produced no toxicity below 500 mg/ml doses. A marked recovery in cell viability, which was reduced by the toxicants, was observed in cells pr…

Cell Culture Characterization of Prooxidative Chain-Transfer Agents as Novel Cytostatic Drugs

2021

Prooxidative therapy is a well-established concept in infectiology and parasitology, in which prooxidative drugs like artemisinin and metronidazole play a pivotal clinical role. Theoretical considerations and earlier studies have indicated that prooxidative therapy might also represent a promising strategy in oncology. Here, we have investigated a novel class of prooxidative drugs, namely chain-transfer agents, as cytostatic agents in a series of human tumor cell lines in vitro. We have found that different chain-transfer agents of the lipophilic thiol class (like dodecane-1-thiol) elicited half-maximal effective concentrations in the low micromolar range in SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma)…