Search results for "Oxoproline"

showing 3 items of 3 documents

How Glutamate Is Managed by the Blood-Brain Barrier.

2016

A facilitative transport system exists on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that has been tacitly assumed to be a path for glutamate entry to the brain. However, glutamate is a non-essential amino acid whose brain content is much greater than plasma, and studies in vivo show that glutamate does not enter the brain in appreciable quantities except in those small regions with fenestrated capillaries (circumventricular organs). The situation became understandable when luminal (blood facing) and abluminal (brain facing) membranes were isolated and studied separately. Facilitative transport of glutamate and glutamine exists only on the luminal membranes, whereas Na+-dependent transport systems for g…

0301 basic medicineBBB (blood–brain barrier)brainglutamateReviewBiologyBlood–brain barrierGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineExtracellular fluidmedicinelcsh:QH301-705.5Circumventricular organsoxoprolinechemistry.chemical_classificationGeneral Immunology and Microbiologyamino acid transportGlutamate receptorAmino acidGlutamine030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureMembranelcsh:Biology (General)BiochemistrychemistryBiophysicsglutamineGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesCotransporter030217 neurology & neurosurgeryBiology
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Pyroglutamate stimulates Na+ -dependent glutamate transport across the blood-brain barrier.

2006

Regulation of Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport was studied in isolated luminal and abluminal plasma membranes derived from the bovine blood-brain barrier. Abluminal membranes have Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters while luminal membranes have facilitative transporters. This organization allows glutamate to be actively removed from brain. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle (GGC), is on the luminal membrane. Pyroglutamate (oxoproline), an intracellular product of GGC, stimulated Na(+)-dependent transport of glutamate by 46%, whereas facilitative glutamate uptake in luminal membranes was inhibited. This relationship between GGC and glutamate tra…

BiophysicsBiological Transport ActiveGlutamic AcidOxoprolineBiologyBlood–brain barrierBiochemistryCell membraneStructural BiologyGeneticsmedicineAnimalsMolecular Biologychemistry.chemical_classificationPolarityCell MembraneSodiumGlutamate receptorTransporterCell BiologyGlutamic acidAmino acidAmino acidPyrrolidonecarboxylic Acidmedicine.anatomical_structureMembranechemistryBiochemistryActive-transportBlood-Brain BarrierBiophysicsCattleIntracellularRegulationFEBS letters
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CCDC 1981551: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2021

Related Article: Amberley D. Stephens, Muhammad Nawaz Qaisrani, Michael T. Ruggiero, Gonzalo Díaz Mirón, Uriel N. Morzan, Mariano C. González Lebrero, Saul T. E. Jones, Emiliano Poli, Andrew D. Bond, Philippa J. Woodhams, Elyse M. Kleist, Luca Grisanti, Ralph Gebauer, J. Axel Zeitler, Dan Credgington, Ali Hassanali, Gabriele S. Kaminski Schierle|2021|Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA|118|e2020389118|doi:10.1073/pnas.2020389118

Space GroupCrystallographyCrystal SystemCrystal Structureammonium 5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate 5-oxoprolineCell ParametersExperimental 3D Coordinates
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