Search results for "PANCREAS"
showing 10 items of 231 documents
Pancreatic ascites hemoglobin contributes to the systemic response in acute pancreatitis.
2015
Upon hemolysis extracellular hemoglobin causes oxidative stress and cytotoxicity due to its peroxidase activity. Extracellular hemoglobin may release free hemin, which increases vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment, and adhesion molecule expression. Pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid is reddish and may contain extracellular hemoglobin. Our aim has been to determine the role of extracellular hemoglobin in the local and systemic inflammatory response during severe acute pancreatitis in rats. To this end we studied taurocholate-induced necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. First, extracellular hemoglobin in ascites and plasma was quantified and the hemolytic action of ascitic fluid was …
Expression of thrombospondin-1 in pancreatic carcinoma: correlation with microvessel density.
2001
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a multifunctional platelet and extracellular matrix protein that is involved in angiogenesis. Under certain pathological conditions, e.g., malignant tumors, high concentrations of TSP-1 work as an angiogenic agonist. Here we examined 98 pancreatic carcinomas with respect to TSP-1 immunoreactivity and its correlation to intratumoral microvessel density (MVD), a representation of the overall degree of angiogenesis in carcinomas. Northern blot analysis for TSP-1 mRNA was performed in seven additional cases. Eighty-seven tumors showed strong TSP-1 immunoreactivity, nine carcinomas were only weakly positive, and two lesions were negative for TSP-1. TSP-1 immunoreactiv…
Diabetic Goto Kakizaki rats as well as type 2 diabetic patients show a decreased diurnal serum melatonin level and an increased pancreatic melatonin-…
2006
There are functional inter-relationships between the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas and the pineal gland, where the synchronizing circadian molecule melatonin originates. The aim of this study was to elucidate a putative interaction between insulin and melatonin in diabetic patients and a diabetic rat model. We analyzed glucose, insulin, and melatonin levels of type 2 patients, as well as type 2 diabetic Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats by radioimmunoassay. Expression of pancreatic melatonin and pineal insulin receptors, as well as arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The AANAT enzyme activity was meas…
Exocrine pancreatic function in children with coeliac disease before and after a gluten free diet.
1991
This study was designed to determine the extent of pancreatic insufficiency in untreated coeliac disease and whether pancreatic secretion is impaired after a prolonged gluten free period. Three groups of patients were studied: group A comprised 44 patients, mean (SD) age 4.0 (3.1) years, with coeliac disease and total or subtotal atrophy of the intestinal mucosa; group B comprised 67 patients, mean age 4.4 (3.0) years, with coeliac disease but with normal morphology of the intestinal villi (after 12.9 months of a gluten free diet); group C comprised 49 control subjects, mean age 3.2 (3.0) years, with normal jejunal histology. In all subjects exocrine pancreatic function was determined by th…
Effects of age, and protein malnutrition followed by a balanced diet on the non-parallel change in digestive enzymes in the pancreas and their secret…
1988
1. Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. A control group (C) was fed on a balanced diet, containing 200 g protein/kg for 51 d. An experimental group (E) was fed on a low-protein diet containing 50 g protein/kg for 28 d (PM), and then on a balanced diet for 23 d (BR). At different days of PM and BR, the pancreas and the pancreatic juice were collected 40 min after injection of 0.1 mCi [3H]leucine. The amounts of amylase (EC3.2.1.1), trypsinogen 2 (EC3.4.21.4), chymotrypsinogen 1 (EC3.4.21.1) and lipase (EC3.1.1.3) were determined after separation by the isoelectric focussing technique. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into the four hydrolases of pancreatic juice and pancreas was …
Epidemiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. a gender perspective
2020
Purpose: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are a group of clinically rare and heterogeneous tumors of the pancreas. Currently there are no studies investigating the gender difference in PNEN susceptibility. Thus, the purpose of this study was aimed at examining how gender shapes risk factors, clinicopathological features, and comorbidities in PNENs. Methods: The study design consisted of an Italian multicenter, retrospective study. The study included all consecutive patients with PNENs followed at the participating centers. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients (105 males,124 females, age 54 ± 0.98 years) with PNENs were enrolled at the participating centers. The clinicopathologica…
Significance of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in exocrine pancreatic amino acid transport.
1991
The exocrine pancreas is rich in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) and exhibits high rates of amino acid transport and protein synthesis. The role of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in mediating neutral amino acid transport in the isolated perfused rat pancreas was investigated using acivicin, an inhibitor of GGT, and a rapid dual isotope dilution technique. When treatment in vivo with acivicin (50 mg/kg) was followed 1 h later by continuous perfusion of the isolated pancreas with 10 microM acivicin, GGT levels decreased from 53 +/- 3 IU/g to 4.9 +/- 1.5 IU/g. This marked inhibition of GGT activity was not associated with decreased uptake for either L-alanine or L-glutamine, suggestin…
N-3 fatty acids modulate Th1 and Th2 dichotomy in diabetic pregnancy and macrosomia.
2006
We assessed the implication of Th (helper)-cells and the modulation of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in type I diabetic pregnancy (DP) and macrosomia. Female gestant rats fed a standard diet or n-3 PUFA regimen were rendered diabetic by administration of five low doses of streptozotocin. The macrosomic (MAC) offspring were sacrificed at the age of 90 days. The mRNAs of IL-2 and IFN-gamma (Th1 cytokines) and IL-4 (Th2 cytokine) were downregulated in the pancreas and spleen of diabetic pregnant rats. The levels of IL-10 mRNA, another Th2 cytokine, were unchanged in the spleen or upregulated in the pancreas of these animals. Feeding an n-3 PUFA diet to rats wi…
The basic structural lesion of persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia with hyperinsulinism: deficiency of pancreatic D cells or hyperactivity of B cells?
1984
Pancreatic tissue obtained at subtotal pancreatectomy from 15 infants with persistent hypoglycaemia with hyperinsulinism, and autopsy specimens from 23 age-matched normoglycaemic controls, were studied with morphometric methods after immunocytochemical staining of the four main islet cell types (A, B, D and pancreatic polypeptide cells). In three cases, a focal lesion was detected by gross examination. Macroscopic or microscopic examination did not distinguish the 12 other cases from controls. As found previously, nesidioblastosis was not a specific feature of the pancreas in infantile hypoglycaemia, being observed in age-matched controls as well. In cases with hypoglycaemia the volume dens…
Role of pancreatic impairment in growth recovery during gluten-free diet in childhood celiac disease
1997
Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Clinical significance and duration of insufficient release of pancreatic enzymes in childhood celiac disease have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role that pancreatic impairment plays in growth recovery and the duration of this impairment. METHODS: Forty-six patients with celiac disease who had a median age of 2.5 years were enrolled. Fecal chymotrypsin level was determined at diagnosis and then every 15 days after the beginning of a gluten-free diet in all patients. RESULTS: At diagnosis, 17 of 46 patients with celiac disease had subnormal fecal chymotrypsin values. During the gluten-free diet, a progressive reduction in the percent…