Search results for "PATHOGENESIS"
showing 10 items of 761 documents
Could Chronic Idiopatic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction Be Related to Viral Infections?
2021
Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIPO) is a disease characterized by symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction in the absence of displayable mechanical obstruction. Due to the known neuropathic capacity of several viruses, and their localization in the intestine, it has been hypothesized that such viruses could be involved in the pathogenesis of CIIPO. The most frequently involved viruses are John Cunningham virus, Herpesviridae, Flaviviruses, Epstein–Barr virus and Citomegalovirus. Therefore, the present narrative review aims to sum up some new perspectives in the etiology and pathophysiology of CIIPO.
Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function.
2022
Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery (n = 114) and replication cohorts (n = 942). We also found that Blastocystis was linked to bacterial functions related to aromatic amino acids metabolism and folate-mediated pyrimidine and one-carbon metabolism. Blastocystis-associated shifts in bacterial functionality translated into …
Current Concepts and Perspectives on Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Review of Pathogenesis and Multidisciplinary Treatment.
2021
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are unusual vascular pathologies characterized by the abnormal aggregation of dilated arteries and veins in the brain parenchyma and for which the absence of a normal vascular structure and capillary bed leads to direct connections between arteries and veins. Although bAVMs have long been believed to be congenital anomalies that develop during the prenatal period, current studies show that inflammation is associated with AVM genesis, growth, and rupture. Interventional treatment options include microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, and endovascular embolization, and management often comprises a multidisciplinary combination of these modalities. T…
European expert opinion on the management of invasive candidiasis in adults
2011
Item does not contain fulltext This report discusses the present status of antifungal therapy and treatment options for candidaemia, considered by experts in the field in Europe. A conference of 26 experts from 13 European countries was held to discuss strategies for the treatment and prevention of invasive candidiasis, with the aim of providing a review on optimal management strategies. Published and unpublished comparative trials on antifungal therapy were analysed and discussed. Commonly asked questions about the management of candidaemia were selected, and possible responses to these questions were discussed. Panellists were then asked to respond to each question by using a touchpad ans…
Cicatrices chéloïdes de la tête et du cou
2012
A keloid scar is a benign proliferative lesion of dermic collagen. It is predominant in black skin patients. It is most commonly located on the head and neck. Skin trauma and a genetic predisposition may be responsible for the keloid scar. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of keloid scar is still unclear, and no currently available treatment is 100% effective. The authors had for aim to review the current data on keloid scar pathogenesis and treatment for an optimal management of this condition.
Characterization of disease-specific cellular abundance profiles of chronic inflammatory skin conditions from deconvolution of biopsy samples
2019
Background Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are two inflammatory skin diseases with a high prevalence and a significant burden on the patients. Underlying molecular mechanisms include chronic inflammation and abnormal proliferation. However, the cell types contributing to these molecular mechanisms are much less understood. Recently, deconvolution methodologies have allowed the digital quantification of cell types in bulk tissue based on mRNA expression data from biopsies. Using these methods to study the cellular composition of the skin enables the rapid enumeration of multiple cell types, providing insight into the numerical changes of cell types associated with chronic inflammatory skin c…
Identification of avarol derivatives as potential antipsoriatic drugs using an in vitro model for keratinocyte growth and differentiation.
2006
Contains fulltext : 49512schalkwijk.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Avarol, a marine sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, and 14 avarol derivatives have shown interesting anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies. In this study, avarol and derivatives were evaluated in high-throughput keratinocyte culture models using cytokeratin 10 and SKALP/Elafin expression as markers for respectively normal and psoriatic differentiation. Avarol and five of its derivatives (5, 10, 13, 14 and 15) were selected for further study. Only 10, 13, 14 and 15 were able to inhibit keratinocyte cell growth. Changes in expression levels of 22 genes were assessed by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). From …
Collagenolytic proteinases in keratoconus.
2006
To study the proteolytic phenomena contributing to the pathogenesis of keratoconus, corneal enzymes with potential to cleave fibrillar collagen were studied.Immunohistochemical labeling was undertaken of conventional and novel mammalian collagenases (MMP-1, -2, -8, -13, and -14) of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and other collagenolytic proteinases of the serine (human trypsin-2) and cysteine (cathepsin K) endoproteinase families. The results were analyzed using a semiquantitative scoring system.Labeling of MMP-8 was moderate in healthy controls, but weak in keratoconus. Moderate MMP-2 and weak MMP-14 expressions were similar in controls and keratoconus. MMP-1 was slightly overex…
Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) - an important cause of the oligohydramnion-sequence
2000
Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a disorder characterized by neonatal renal failure and regular gross renal architecture, although the histological features of immature and shortened proximal tubules lead to neonatal death. The pathogenesis of this condition includes a congenital familial condition, a twin-twin transfusion syndrome, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor intake by the mother. The clinical picture shows an association with oligohydramnia, pulmonary hypoplasia, and skull ossification defects. In the present paper, we report the occurrence of RTD in three infants of a consanguinous couple and compared our data with those of the literature. Our data confirm that late s…
TD-09 IL-34 promotes macrophage-mediated lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslpr mice
2018
Background Nephritis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with lupus. Macrophages (Mo) are central to kidney destruction in lupus-prone mice and patients. CSF-1, and the newly identified IL-34, mediate Mo survival and proliferation. However, IL-34 and CSF-1 differ during development and disease. While CSF-1 and IL-34 share the CSF-1 receptor (cFMS), expressed by Mo, IL-34 binds to a second receptor, Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase ζ (PTPRZ) in inflamed kidneys. Intra-renal IL-34, cFMS, and PTPRZ are increased during the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslpr mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-34 is a potential therapeutic target for lupus nephritis. Methods and…