Search results for "PERSONALITY"
showing 10 items of 1308 documents
Drawings of depressed inpatients: Intentional and unintentional expression of emotional states
1998
Twenty-six patients, aged 21 to 63, hospitalized for depression, and 26 control individuals were asked to make a "funny" and a "sad" drawing, which were scored on 22 variables describing their formal aspects and contents. Results show that drawings of individuals with depression differ from those of control participants on a wide range of variables, sometimes very significantly. Prediction of participants' groups based on eight variables obtained by discriminant analysis was correct in 98% of cases. Results support the usefulness of asking for the two kinds of drawings and suggest that depression is better detected through formal aspects of drawings than through their contents.
Can sad music really make you sad? Indirect measures of affective states induced by music and autobiographical memories
2012
The present study addressed music’s disputed ability to induce genuine sadness in listeners by investigating whether listening to sad music can induce sadness-related effects on memory and judgment. Related aims were to explore how the different mechanisms of music-induced emotions are involved in sadness induced by familiar, self-selected music and unfamiliar, experimenter-selected music, and whether the susceptibility to music-induced sadness is associated with trait empathy. One hundred twenty participants were randomly assigned into four conditions with different tasks: listening to unfamiliar sad or neutral music, or to self-selected sad music, or recalling a sad autobiographical event…
From Bi-Dimensionality to Uni-Dimensionality in Self-Report Questionnaires
2021
Abstract. The common factor model – by far the most widely used model for factor analysis – assumes equal item intercepts across respondents. Due to idiosyncratic ways of understanding and answering items of a questionnaire, this assumption is often violated, leading to an underestimation of model fit. Maydeu-Olivares and Coffman (2006) suggested the introduction of a random intercept into the model to address this concern. The present study applies this method to six established instruments (measuring depression, procrastination, optimism, self-esteem, core self-evaluations, and self-regulation) with ambiguous factor structures, using data from representative general population samples. I…
Success factors of Polish family businesses
2017
This article presents the results of a study carried out among family businesses operating in Poland. It is intended to supplement previously generated knowledge in the area of the operation of family businesses in the specific socio-economic and legal conditions in Poland. The objective was to collate the opinions of entrepreneurs regarding the need for visibility of the family and the family business status in business relations and the marketing activities of enterprises. The data were collected using in-depth interviews with the Polish family business owners. This paper outlines the conclusion of the study with respect to success factors such as: the trust among the family members, flex…
The shared image guiding the treatment process. A precondition for integration of the treatment of schizophrenia.
1994
The aim of the study reported here was to develop psychotherapeutic in-patient treatment for acute schizophrenia, following the principles of a need-adapted approach. To improve the integration of experiences which hospital staff have with acutely psychotic patients and their families, systematic supervision sessions were organised. In these sessions, it was possible to achieve shared psychological images through which the whole staff could integrate patients' behaviour and symptoms, both symbolic and non-symbolic. Such an image was called ‘the shared image guiding the treatment process’ (SIGTP). The process of achieving the SIGTP was interpreted through Peircean semiotics, especially the c…
Keep your cool and win the game: Emotion regulation and performance in table tennis.
2019
Objective People often feel anxious prior to performance situations, and this can lead to performance decrements. Thus, applying effective emotion regulation strategies could be crucial for achieving maximum performance. Method We investigated the relation between dispositional precompetition emotion regulation and competition performance. Participants were 310 table tennis players (240 men, Mage = 39.07, SD = 15.99). Self-reported emotion regulation behavior was matched with objective performance data. Results We found that positive cognitive change strategies were positively related and negative cognitive change strategies were negatively related to winning in competitions. Furthermore, a…
Evaluation of the Financial Threat Scale (FTS) in four european, non-student samples
2015
Abstract The Financial Threat Scale (FTS) was designed to assess levels of fear, uncertainty, and preoccupation about the stability and security of one's finances. In previous research with Canadian university students, it was shown that the FTS was a psychometrically sound measure, associated with failing personal financial conditions, threat-related personality characteristics, and depreciated psychological health. The present investigation further examines the FTS in a diverse set of non-student European samples. Data were collected in four countries using a self-report questionnaire which included measures of ones’ financial situation, personality, and psychological health. Results were…
The Effect of Incongruence Between CEO and Corporate Brand Personality on Financial Analysts’ Attitudes and Assessment of a Company’s Performance
2014
This research assesses the role of two types of nonfinancial information in investor relations: The personality of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the personality of the corporate brand. As both personalities determine the identity of a company and the relationship with its stakeholders, we investigate their relevance and the effect of incongruence between these two personalities on financial analysts. Eleven semistructured interviews were conducted to answer the theoretically derived research questions. Empirical findings show that both personalities are relevant to analysts and that perceived incongruence between these personalities can cause adverse effects. Company size, stage of …
Second to fourth digit ratios and the implicit gender self-concept
2007
Abstract Intersexual and intrasexual variation in the ratio of index and ring finger lengths (2D:4D) is thought to be a marker of fetal androgen and estrogen levels. Thus, 2D:4D ratios have been expected to be associated with the development of the gender self-concept (masculinity vs. femininity). These associations have, however, proven to be empirically rather small and lower than expected. By arguing that early developmental events more greatly influence implicit as compared with explicit self-concepts, we hypothesized that 2D:4D ratios might be associated with the implicit gender self-concept – assessed using an Implicit Association Test – as opposed to the self-reported explicit gender…
A framework for behavior-based detection of user substitution in a mobile context
2007
Personal mobile devices, such as mobile phones, smartphones, and communicators can be easily lost or stolen. Due to the functional abilities of these devices, their use by unintended persons may result in severe security breaches concerning private or corporate data and services. Organizations develop their security policy and employ preventive techniques to combat unauthorized use. Current solutions, however, are still breakable and there is a strong need for means to detect user substitution when it happens. A crucial issue in designing such means is to define the measures to be monitored. In this paper, a structured conceptual framework for mobile-user substitution detection is proposed.…