Search results for "PEST"
showing 10 items of 1124 documents
Metarhizium anisopliae, a potential agent for the control of grape phylloxera
2004
This investigation deals with the control effects of the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae on Daktulosphaira vitifoliae. In pot experiments, the soil surrounding phylloxera-infected grapes was inoculated with barley colonised with M. anisopliae. After thirty-two days, ineight of ten Metarhizium-applied pots nofresh phylloxera infections could be observed.In two of ten plants, a few fresh nodositiessingly occupied with phylloxera or phylloxeraeggs could be found. In all untreated plants,fresh nodosities with either single (two of sixplants) or multiple (four of six plants)occupation with phylloxera could be observed.M. anisopliae could be re-isolated in aconcent…
Detection and discrimination of organophosphorus pesticides in water by using a colorimetric probe array
2014
[EN] Detection and discrimination of several organophosphorus pesticides in water using a colorimetric probe array containing twelve dyes has been achieved. A clear discrimination for malathion, leptophos, dichlorvos, dibrom and diazinon was observed. The array was used to determine the concentration of diazinon in orange leaves
Pesticide residues in some Baltic animals - a review of selected literature
1975
ABSTRACT During the last few years, considerable efforts have been devoted to the tracing of halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly DDT and PCB, and of mercury in Baltic animals. These investigations have already produced some important generalizations, which may be summarized as follows: (1) The concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons and mercury in the tissues of Baltic animals are in general higher than those found in the corresponding species on the west coast of Sweden and in the Norwegian waters. (2) The highest levels of DDT compounds seem to occur in the animals of the southern Baltic and the Sound (oresund). (3) The highest contents of methylmercury in the Baltic fish occur in c…
Invasive Alien Plants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Synthesis of Their Insecticidal Activities
2021
Despite the cornucopia of agricultural, economic and ecological ramifications of invasive alien plant species (IAPs) in sub-Saharan Africa, studies on their potential use as bio-insecticides have not received adequate attention compared to the burgeoning plethora of literature on their use in ethnomedicine. In the current study, we review the existing, but scattered literature on the insecticidal activity of different parts of some IAPs; specifically those invasive in sub-Saharan Africa but with published literature from Africa and elsewhere. From our literature survey, we found that 69 studies from four continents (Africa, Asia, North America and South America) reported the insecticidal ac…
Assessment of synthetic chemicals for disruption of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus response to attractant-baited traps in an urban environment
2012
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is one of the most severe pests of ornamental palm species in urban areas of Mediterranean countries. Aiming to discover inhibitory semiochemicals for RPW population management in urban environments, we conducted electroantennographic (EAG) screenings of 17 commercially available synthetic compounds, representing three groups of plant volatiles (isoprenoids, phenyl propanoid derivatives and fatty acid derivatives) known for their repellent effects toward insects. These tests were followed by trap-based screenings of EAG-active menthone, alpha-pinene and methyl salicylate, singly and in combination, und…
Introduction into Italy of Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead), an egg parasitoid of the alien invasive bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann
2011
Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera, Coreidae), a Nearctic species, was accidentally introduced into Northern Italy in the late 1990s, from where it has spread throughout Europe. The bug causes abortion of immature cones of Pinus pinea L., with economic impact on the pine-nut industry. As part of a pest control research program, the egg parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) was collected from British Columbia, Canada, and legally introduced to a quarantine climatic chamber in Florence, Italy. The egg parasitoid will be tested against native nontarget heteropterans, an environmental impact assessment will be conducted, and a mass rearing method will be deve…
Control of Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata in Organic Orchards: Use of Clays and Copper Products.
2010
Tests on the effect of clays (kaolin and bentonite) and copper products (hydroxide and oxychloride) in the control of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were carried out from 2003 to 2006 in olive groves and in organic citrus orchards (satsuma, clementine, ‘Navelina’ orange). Results demonstrate an efficacy of kaolin products in reducing attacks of B. oleae on olives and those of C. capitata on citrus fruits; in olive groves the clays gave similar or better results than copper hydroxide. Bentonite AG/8W showed a significant reduction in punctures by C. capitata. Bentonite products and BPLK kaolin are washed off by rainfall…
Insecticidal activity of Vip3Aa, Vip3Ad, Vip3Ae, and Vip3Af from Bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran corn pests.
2012
Vip3Aa, Vip3Ad, Vip3Ae, and Vip3Af proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda and Agrotis ipsilon. Vip3Ad was non-toxic to the two species. Vip3Ae and Vip3Af were significantly more toxic than Vip3Aa against S. frugiperda, both as protoxins and as toxins. Against A. ipsilon, Vip3Ae protoxin was more toxic than Vip3Aa and Vip3Af protoxins. Purification by metal-chelate affinity chromatography significantly affected Vip3Ae toxicity against the two insect species.
First report of Cucumber mosaic virus infecting Solanum jasminoides in Italy
2008
Solanum jasminoides Paxton (potato vine or jasmine nightshade) is a vegetatively propagated ornamental species within the Solanaceae family. Recently, symptomless plants of this species were reported as natural hosts of the quarantine pest, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in Italy (1). In January 2008, approximately 1,000 potted, 2-year-old plants of S. jasminoides growing in an ornamental nursery in Sicily showed virus-like mosaic and malformation of leaves. Symptoms were observed on approximately 60% of the plants. Leaf tissue, collected from 30 symptomatic and 10 symptomless plants, was analyzed by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA with polyclonal antisera specific to Cucumber mosaic v…
A screening of five Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A proteins for their activity against lepidopteran pests
2014
Five Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A proteins (Vip3Aa, Vip3Ab, Vip3Ad, Vip3Ae and Vip3Af) and their corresponding trypsin-activated toxins were tested for their toxicity against eight lepidopteran pests: Agrotis ipsilon, Helicoverpa armigera, Mamestra brassicae, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Ostrinia nubilalis and Lobesia botrana. Toxicity was first tested at a high dose at 7 and 10. days. No major differences were found when comparing protoxins vs. trypsin-activated toxins. The proteins that were active against most of the insect species were Vip3Aa, Vip3Ae and Vip3Af, followed by Vip3Ab. Vip3Ad was non-toxic to any of the species tested. Considering the res…