Search results for "PESTICIDE"

Eco-physiological response of two marine bivalves to acute exposition to commercial Bt-based pesticide

2013

Microbial products based on the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are among the most common biopesticides used worldwide to suppress insect pests in forests, horticulture and agricultural crops. Some of the effects of commercial Bt have been recorded for terrestrial and freshwater non-target organisms but little research is available on marine fauna. Nevertheless, due to the contiguity of agro-ecosystems and coastal habitats, marine fauna may be highly influenced by this control method. We studied the effect of a commercial Bt product on the physiological and ecological responses and the energy budget of two of the most frequent marine intertidal bivalves in the Mediter…

Towards a landscape scale management of pesticides: ERA using changes in modelled occupancy and abundance to assess long-term population impacts of p…

2015

Pesticides are regulated in Europe and this process includes an environmental risk assessment (ERA) for nontarget arthropods (NTA). Traditionally a non-spatial or field trial assessment is used. In this study we exemplify the introduction of a spatial context to the ERA as well as suggest a way in which the results of complex models, necessary for proper inclusion of spatial aspects in the ERA, can be presented and evaluated easily using abundance and occupancy ratios (AOR). We used an agent-based simulation system and an existing model for a wide-spread carabid beetle (Bembidion lampros), to evaluate the impact of a fictitious highly-toxic pesticide on population density and the distributi…

EFFECT OF Bacillus thuringiensis ON RESPIRATION RATES OF MARINE INTERTIDAL MYTILASTER INTERTIDAL, MYTILASTER MINIMUS (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA)

2010

Increasing body of research deals with the impact of agricultural products marine environment. Indeed it is expected to detect insecticides, including the ones for biocontrol, in nearshore marine waters and thus predicting where, when and with what magnitude these impacts are most likely to occur is imperative if we are effectively interested in understanding the role of biological products as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on marine biodiversity. Bivalves are important elements of marine biodiversity and very often they play a role of ecosystem engineers in that many other species structurally depend on their presence. Oxygen consumption through respiration in these organisms varies with natu…

Evaluation of matrix effect on the GC/MS response of eighteen pesticides by multivariate approach

2015

Analyse cartographique de données pédologiques et hydrogéologiques appliquée à la gestion responsable de produits phytosanitaires

2014

BASF launched a Responsible Bentazone Management plan in 2011, in order to preserve water resources and sustain its bentazon based herbicide solutions. This molecule is commercialized by the company for several years and is found at concentrations above the standard for drinking water in about 1% of groundwater catchments in France. The action plan aims to reduce contamination situations with recommendations on the use of bentazone (dose, timing of application, restrictions on vulnerable soils on groundwater catchment areas) that complement the commercialization authorization. The study carried out during the internship focused on the diagnosis of a groundwater catchment area located in the…

Dependence of accelerated degradation of atrazine on soil pH in French and Canadian soils

2000

Abstract A series of agricultural soils varying in their atrazine treatment history were sampled from 12 sites in France and two sites in Canada. The soils varied widely with respect to soil chemical, physical and microbiological (total microbial biomass, kinetics of C and N mineralization) properties. Soils treated with as few as two successive atrazine field applications mineralized [U- ring - 14 C]atrazine significantly more rapidly in 35 d laboratory incubations than did soils which had never received atrazine. Longer treatment history tended to favour more rapid mineralization in the so-called “adapted” soils. Up to 80% of the initially applied 14 C-atrazine was mineralized at the end …

Application of solid-phase microextraction for determining phenylurea herbicides and their homologous anilines from vegetables.

2004

Abstract Residues of metobromuron, monolinuron and linuron herbicides and their aniline homologous were analyzed in carrots, onions and potatoes by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) performed with a polyacrylate fiber. A juice was obtained from food samples that were further diluted, and an aliquot was extracted after sodium chloride (14%) addition and pH control. At pH 4 only the phenylureas were extracted. A new extraction at pH 11 allowed the extraction of phenylureas plus homologous aniline metabolites. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosporus detection (NPD) the identity of the determined compounds was studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.…

Beeswax cleaning by solvent extraction of pesticides

2018

We set out to test if the methodology used to clean sheep wool wax (Lanolin) from pesticides could be used to clean beeswax as well. We first made an aggregate sample of brood comb wax from three different US beekeepers. Sub-samples of these aggregate wax samples were analyzed for pesticide contamination. The remaining wax, was then dissolved into hexane solution and run through four N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) washes. During these extractions, the pesticides partitioned into the DMF, and so were removed from the beeswax. Following the solvent extractions, the beeswax was tested again for pesticides. An average of 95% of the pesticide contamination was removed by the chemical wash procedur…

Current trends in solid-phase-based extraction techniques for the determination of pesticides in food and environment

2006

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures for pesticide residues in food and environment are reviewed and discussed. The use of these procedures, which include several approaches such as: matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), represents an opportunity to reduce analysis time, solvent consumption, and overall cost. SPE techniques differ from solvent extraction depending on the interactions between a sorbent and the pesticide. This interaction may be specific for a particular pesticide, as in the interaction with an immunosorbent, or non-specific, as in the way a number of different pesticides are adsorbed on apolar or…

Pesticide analysis in coffee leaves using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe approach and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometr…

2017

An analytical method using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for multi-residue determination of 52 pesticides in coffee leaf extractshas been developed and validated according to SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines. Different sorbent combinations for dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up as well as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were tested. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the recovery of 87-94% of pesticides added to coffee leaf extracts,was ≤20% for samples spiked at concentrations up to 50ng*g-1 depending on the clean-up procedures. However, samples spiked with a 100ng*g-1 pesticide mixture gave RSDs>20% for most pest…