Search results for "PET"

Maternal Parenting and Preschoolers’ Psychosocial Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study

2022

Previous research reported that positive parenting and parenting stress might impact children’s psychosocial adjustment. The current longitudinal study aimed at evaluating the associations over time between mothers’ positive parenting, their parenting stress, and their preschoolers’ social–emotional competence and emotional–behavioral difficulties. Participants were 53 Italian mothers, aged between 24 and 47 years (M = 35.30, SD = 5.28) at T0, and their children (females = 51%), aged between 3 and 6 years (M = 4.48, SD = 0.84) at T0. Mothers completed self-report scales at 2 time points (with a 2-year lag). An autoregressive cross-lagged model was tested that h…

Numerical approach to problems of gravitational instability of geostructures with advected material boundaries

1998

SUMMARY We present a numerical approach for solving 2-D mantle flow problems where the chemical composition changes abruptly across intermediate boundaries. The method combines a Galerkin-spline technique with a method of integration over regions bounded by advected interfaces to represent discontinuous variations of material parameters. It allows direct approximation of a natural free surface position, instead of a posteriori calculation of topography from the normal stress at the upper free-slip boundary. We formulate a model where a viscous incompressible fluid filling a square box is divided into layers (not necessarily horizontal) by advected boundaries, across which the density and vi…

Modulation of La Crosse virus infection in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes following larval exposure to coffee extracts

2013

This commentary highlights key points, basic ideas, and future outlooks presented by Eastep et al. (2012) in Frontiers in Physiology-Systems Biology. The authors have provided an interesting investigation about the successful use of an environmentally friendly product derived from plants as a larvicidal agent to control mosquito populations as well as a substance that could alter the vector competence of mosquitoes for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Specifically Eastep and collaborators used coffee extracts (with and without caffeine) to try to answer two hypothesis: first, coffee extracts could have good results as a mosquitocidal compounds applied in larval biotopes and second, vi…

Eleonora Duse's Library: The Disclosure of Aesthetic Value in Real Acting

2010

Even though Eleonora Duse (1858-1924) referred to her books as her own artistic wardrobe, her most highly valued possessions, scholars and biographers have insisted on neglecting her library and furthermore, have for many years considered it lost forever. This article explains the value of the founding and reconstructing of the Murray Edwards Eleonora Duse Collection in Cambridge. She specifically refers to a selection of books which have been renamed 'Cleopatra's Books'. They are remarkable examples which are representative of Duse's library as a whole and lay bare the roots of Duse's intellectual evolution. Many have believed the romantic notion that Duse acted out her own personal life o…

On Concentric Circles of Being Revisited: Friedrich Nietzsche and the Idea of Eternal Recurrence

2012

The circle, or ouroboros, is a perfect shape: within its depths lie both the beginning and the end. Things are repeated; people encounter the same situations again and again. Concentricity dwells in the spirit of a place, as it does in the ‘I’ of a person. A memory can bring to life the circular nature of existence, allowing the subject to travel recurrently through previously realised pasts. Photographs and literature are also capable of transferring the bygone into the freshness of the present moment. The aesthetics of inhabited space is articulated in architectural shapes. It is an essential part of the collective national narrative, a cultural philosophy narrated into the fabric of bein…

The student–teacher relationship quality in children with selective mutism

2018

Gaussian Mixture Models and Model Selection for [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Classification in Alzheimer’s Disease

2015

We present a method to discover discriminative brain metabolism patterns in [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scans, facilitating the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In the work, the term "pattern" stands for a certain brain region that characterizes a target group of patients and can be used for a classification as well as interpretation purposes. Thus, it can be understood as a so-called "region of interest (ROI)". In the literature, an ROI is often found by a given brain atlas that defines a number of brain regions, which corresponds to an anatomical approach. The present work introduces a semi-data-driven approach that is based on learning the charac…

The peer review game: an agent-based model of scientists facing resource constraints and institutional pressures

2018

This paper looks at peer review as a cooperation dilemma through a game-theory framework. We built an agent-based model to estimate how much the quality of peer review is influenced by different resource allocation strategies followed by scientists dealing with multiple tasks, i.e., publishing and reviewing. We assumed that scientists were sensitive to acceptance or rejection of their manuscripts and the fairness of peer review to which they were exposed before reviewing. We also assumed that they could be realistic or excessively over-confident about the quality of their manuscripts when reviewing. Furthermore, we assumed they could be sensitive to competitive pressures provided by the ins…

Modeling and Simulation as a Pedagogical and Heuristic Tool for Developing Theories in Cognitive Science: An Example from Ritual Competence Theory

2019

An interdisciplinary team of researchers in the fields of philosophy, religious studies, cognitive science, and computer science aimed to develop a computer model of ritual behaviour, based on McCauley and Lawson’s theory of ritual competence. That endeavour revealed some questions about the internal consistency and significance of the theory that had not previously been noticed or addressed. It also demonstrated how modeling and simulation can serve as valuable pedagogical and heuristic tools for better specifying theories that deal with complex social phenomena.

When Competition Is Pushed Too Hard. An Agent-Based Model Of Strategic Behaviour Of Referees In Peer Review

2013

This paper examines the impact of strategic behaviour of referees on the quality and efficiency of peer review. We modelled peer review as a process based on knowledge asymmetry and subject to evaluation bias. We built two simulation scenarios to investigate largescale implications of referee behaviour and judgment bias. The first one was inspired by “the luck of the reviewer draw” idea. In this case, we assumed that referees randomly fell into Type I and Type II errors, i.e., recommending submissions of low quality to be published or recommending against the publishing of submissions which should have been published. In the second scenario, we assumed that certain referees tried intentiona…