Search results for "PFD"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
Relationship between canopy architecture and fruit quality on 'Rich May' peach grafted onto 'Penta' and 'GF677' rootstocks
2006
Observations on crop efficiency and fruit quality of peach trees of ‘Rich May’ grafted onto ‘GF677’ (peach x almond) and ‘Penta’ (Prunus domestica L.) rootstocks are reported. Results were related to canopy architecture parameters, particularly to scaffold branches, shoot and leaf blade inclination angles, to the pattern of light distribution, and to the area of sunflecks projected at midday on the ground. Trees grafted onto ‘GF677’ were more vigorous, in terms of trunk cross-sectional area, summer pruning weight and leaf area. Within canopy light distribution profiles were in agreement with foliage density, with a higher light interception observed in trees grafted on ‘GF677’. Within canop…
Stability of charge-pump phase-locked loops : the hold-in and pull-in ranges
2020
The problem of design and analysis of synchronization control circuits is a challenging task for many applications: satellite navigation, digital communication, wireless networks, and others. In this article the Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loop (CP-PLL) electronic circuit, which is used for frequency synthesis and clock generation in computer architectures, is studied. Analysis of CP-PLL is not trivial: full mathematical model, rigorous definitions, and analysis still remain open issues in many respects. This article is devoted to development of a mathematical model, taking into account engineering aspects of the circuit, interpretation of core engineering problems, definition in relation to m…