Search results for "PHYSICAL EDUCATION"
showing 10 items of 479 documents
Differences in mechanical efficiency between power- and endurance-trained athletes while jumping
1995
Mechanical efficiency (ME) of jumping exercises was compared between power-trained (n = 11) and endurance-trained athletes (n = 10) using both a biomechanical and a physiological approach. In drop jumps and in stretch-shortening cycle exercise on a special sledge (sledge jumps), the subjects performed 60 muscle actions from a dropping height of optimum minus 40 cm (O − 40), as well as from dropping heights of optimum (O) and optimum plus 40 cm (O + 40). Thus, they were tested in six different tests which lasted for a total of 3 min for each. The mean ME values in the drop jumps from the lowest dropping height upwards were as follows: 23.8 (SD 5.3)%, 35.5 (SD 10.8)% and 39.2 (SD 6.6)% for th…
Trainability of underwater breath-holding time.
1984
From diving practice we know that breath-holding time (BHT) can be increased by training. This examination was set up to illuminate whether BHT underwater can be trained decisively in a short period of time. The authors investigated whether physiologic or psychological aspects are the main constituents of the above-mentioned BHT phenomenon. BHT and the "onset point" of involuntary respiratory movements of 64 subjects were registered after deep inspiration and immersion in ca. 1 m. Two different tests were set up: (I) 2 breath-holds per day on 5 consecutive days, (II) 5 repeated breath-holds with pauses of 3 min in between. BHT of the first test was shorter underwater than in similar experim…
Neuromuscular performance of lower limbs during voluntary and reflex activity in power- and endurance-trained athletes.
1994
Neural, mechanical and muscle factors influence muscle force production. This study was, therefore, designed to compare possible differences in the function of the neuromuscular system among differently adapted subjects. A group of 11 power-trained athletes and 10 endurance-trained athletes volunteered as subjects for this study. Maximal voluntary isometric force and the rate of force production of the knee extensor and the plantar flexor muscles were measured. In addition, basic reflex function was measured in the two experimental conditions. The power athletes produced higher voluntary forces (P<0.01-0.001) with higher rates for force production (P<0.001) by both muscle groups measured. U…
Carbohydrate ingestion does not influence the change in energy cost during a 2-h run in well-trained triathletes
1999
The aim of this study was to examine whether the increase in the energy cost of running (C(r)), previously reported to occur at the end of a prolonged run, could be influenced by the ingestion of either an artificially sweetened placebo (Pl) or a 5.5% carbohydrate (CHO) solution. Ten well-trained triathletes completed three testing sessions within a 3-week period. The aim of the first session was to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)(max)) and the velocity associated with ventilatory threshold (nu(VT)). The second and the third sessions were composed of two submaximal treadmill runs (20 min long, 0% grade, performed at nu(VT)), before and after an 80-min overground run, also conducted a…
Electrostimulation Training Effects on the Physical Performance of Ice Hockey Players
2005
BROCHERIE, F., N. BABAULT, G. COMETTI, N. MAFFIULETTI, and J.-C. CHATARD. Electrostimulation Training Effects on the Physical Performance of Ice Hockey Players. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 455–460, 2005. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of a short-term electromyostimulation (EMS) training program on the strength of knee extensors, skating, and vertical jump performance of a group of ice hockey players. Methods: Seventeen ice hockey players participated in this study, with nine in the electrostimulated group (ES) and the remaining height as controls (C). EMS sessions consisted of 30 contractions (4-s duration, 85 Hz) and were carried out 3 wk 1 for…
Neuromuscular adaptations and serum hormones in females during prolonged power training.
1990
Training-induced adaptations in the neuromuscular and endocrine systems were investigated in seven females during prolonged power type strength training. Great (p less than 0.05) changes occurred primarily during the earlier weeks of the 16-week training especially in the time of force production (from 161 +/- 107 to 93 +/- 65 ms to produce a 500 N force) and, correspondingly, in the average forces in the earlier positions of the (absolute) force-time curve of the leg extensor muscles. These changes were accompanied by significant (p less than 0.05) increases in the neural activation of the trained muscles in the earliest positions of the IEMG-time curve. Hypertrophic changes, as judged fro…
Neuromuscular and hormonal responses in elite athletes to two successive strength training sessions in one day
1988
Acute neuromuscular and endocrine adaptations to weight-lifting were investigated during two successive high intensity training sessions in the same day. Both the morning (I) (from 9.00 to 11.00 hours) and the afternoon (II) (from 15.00 hours to 17.00 hours) training sessions resulted in decreases in maximal isometric strength (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05), shifts (worsening) in the force-time curve in the absolute scale (p less than 0.05 and ns.) and in decreases in the maximal integrated EMG (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05) of the selected leg extensor muscles. Increases in serum total (p less than 0.05) and free testosterone (p less than 0.01) and in cortisol (p less than 0.…
Les rapports aux savoirs du sachant : Le savoir mis en circulation par l’enseignant-tuteur EPS dans l’entretien-conseil : une étude de cas en didacti…
2021
Our work consists in making an inventory of the transmissions that take place between the P.E. tutor and his trainee during the counselling interview. This official process concludes the day of the trainee's visit to the situation and brings professional knowledge into play. In the intervention professions, each actor acts in a singular way with the public he is responsible for. This activity is nourished by the references that have structured his conceptions and the events that have built his professional experience. However, when the tutor suddenly changes his intentions, other singularities must be taken into account. The way in which he positions himself in relation to what is expected …
El conocimiento y la intencionalidad didáctica en el uso de TIC del profesorado de educación física (Physical education teachers’ knowledge and educa…
2020
La formación digital tecnocéntrica del profesorado y el uso tradicional de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC), muestran la debilidad del discurso pedagógico frente al tecnológico, confirmando la limitada intencionalidad didáctica de los docentes al usar dichas tecnologías. En educación física se carece de instrumentos específicos para estudiar esa realidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue validar, por el método Delphi, un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimiento y la intencionalidad didáctica del profesorado de educación física al usar las TIC, atendiendo a la edad y al género. Posteriormente se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra representativa de 155 docente…
Physical education teachers in motion: an account of attrition and area transfer
2013
Background: Teacher turnover has been identified as a major problem that represents instability in teaching. Teacher turnover can be divided into three components: attrition means that the teacher is leaving the profession; area transfer means that the teacher is changing his/her subject area and migration means that the teacher is moving from one school to another. The single most important concern is teacher attrition. Attrition is particularly high among teachers in their first five years of service. Although extensive research has been carried out on teacher attrition, no single study exists which comprehensively analyses the attrition of physical education (PE) teachers.Purpose: The pu…