Search results for "PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY"

showing 10 items of 8108 documents

Molybdenum blue: Binding to collagen fibres and microcrystal formation

2005

Collagen fibres have been shown by transmission electron microscopy to progressively bind the polyoxomolybdate ring-complex, termed molybdenum blue. Nucleation of cuboidal molybdenum blue microcrystals occurs on the surface of the collagen fibres, leading eventually to extensive coating of the fibres with microcrystals.

inorganic chemicalsMaterials scienceInorganic chemistryNucleationGeneral Physics and Astronomyengineering.materialMicroscopy Electron TransmissionCoatingMolybdenum blueStructural BiologyCollagen fibresAnimalsGeneral Materials ScienceMuscle SkeletalMolybdenumAmmonium molybdateStaining and LabelingCell BiologyCollagen fibreenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)Chemical engineeringTransmission electron microscopyengineeringbacteriaCollagenCrystallizationMicron
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Beta-Decay Half-Lives and Neutron-Emission Probabilities of Very Neutron-Rich Y to Tc Isotopes

1996

Neutron-rich {sub 39}Y to {sub 43}Tc isotopes have been produced by fission of uranium with a 50MeV H{sub 2}{sup +} beam. Beta-decay half-lives, delayed neutron-emission probabilities, and production yields have been measured and compared with theory. Beta decay of 4 new isotopes is reported, and the {beta}-delayed neutron-emission mode has been discovered for 12 isotopes of the elements niobium and technetium. The results compared to quasiparticle random phase approximation predictions indicate the increasing importance of fast {beta} transitions to high-lying states of nuclei with large neutron excess. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

inorganic chemicalsPhysicsNUCLEISTABILITYIsotopeFissionNeutron emissionAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaNuclear Theorytechnology industry and agriculturePREDICTIONSGeneral Physics and Astronomychemistry.chemical_elementUraniumFISSIONBeta decayYttrium IsotopesNuclear physicschemistryProduction (computer science)NeutronNuclear ExperimentPhysical Review Letters
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Modeling of surface vs. bulk ionic conductivity in fixed charge membranes

2003

A two-region model for describing the conductivity of porous fixed charge membranes is proposed. In the surface region, the conductivity is due to the mobile positive ions (counterions) around the negative fixed charges. In the pore center region, the conductive properties resemble those of the external electrolyte solution because the fixed charges are assumed to be effectively neutralized by the counterions in the surface region. Activation energies and surface diffusion coefficients are estimated by assuming that the counterion jump from a fixed charge group is the rate limiting process for surface transport. The barrier energy for this jump is calculated using a simple electrostatic mod…

inorganic chemicalsSurface diffusionchemistry.chemical_classificationPhysics::Biological PhysicsChemistryAnalytical chemistryGeneral Physics and AstronomyThermodynamicsElectrolyteConductivityIonSurface conductivityMembraneIonic conductivityPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCounterionPhys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
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A M�ssbauer and ESR study of LiNbO3-Fe2O3 for low Fe2O3 concentrations

1989

Samples of the system LiNbO3-Fe2O3 prepared by water quenching and by the double-roller quenching method in the range up to 24 mol% Fe2O3 were investigated by Mossbauer and ESR spectroscopy. In the water quenched samples up to 11 mol% Fe2O3 only the Fe3+ and the Fe2+ valence states could be detected. The Fe2+ concentration decreased with increasing Fe2O3 content. Above 11 mol% Fe2O3 magnetically split Mossbauer spectra indicated the presence of Fe2O3 clusters. The isomer shift values of Fe3+ as a function of Fe2O3 concentration showed jumps at 6 and 11 mol% Fe2O3, whereas no significant changes could be detected in the quadrupole splitting values. The ESR data already exhibited the existenc…

inorganic chemicalschemistry.chemical_classificationQuenchingValence (chemistry)Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)General EngineeringAnalytical chemistryGeneral ChemistryQuadrupole splittingIonlaw.inventionNuclear magnetic resonancechemistrylawMössbauer spectroscopyGeneral Materials ScienceElectron paramagnetic resonanceSpectroscopyInorganic compoundApplied Physics A Solids and Surfaces
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The CdCl2 effects on synthetic DNAs encaged in the nanodomains of a cationic water-in-oil microemulsion

2011

The present work is dedicated to the study of the interactions of CdCl(2) with the synthetic polynucleotides polyAT and polyGC confined in the nanoscopic aqueous compartment of the water-in-oil microemulsion CTAB/pentanol/hexane/water, with the goal to mimic in vitro the situation met by the nucleic acids in vivo. In biological structures, in fact, very long strings of nucleic acids are segregated into very small compartments having a radius exceedingly smaller than the length of the encapsulated macromolecule. For comparison, the behaviour of polyGC was also studied in aqueous solutions of matched composition. The conformational and thermal stabilities of both polynucleotides enclosed in t…

inorganic chemicalsnanodomaincadmiumPolynucleotideswater-in-oil microemulsion; cadmium; model polynucleotidesGeneral Physics and AstronomyDissociation (chemistry)model polynucleotideschemistry.chemical_compoundCadmium ChlorideHexanesOrganic chemistryMicroemulsionPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAqueous solutionconformational transitionCetrimoniumChemistryCationic polymerizationWaterDNAHexaneUV and CD spectroscopiesreverse micelleChemical engineeringwater-in-oil microemulsionPolynucleotideCetrimonium CompoundsNucleic acidCationic w/o microemulsionEmulsionssynthetic polynucleotideOilsMacromolecule
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Twenty Years of Airborne Water Vapor and Total Water Measurements of a Diode Laser Based Photoacoustic Instruments

2020

We present relevant issues collected over twenty years of development and operation of an airborne water vapour / total water detector based on photoacoustic spectroscopy. The WaSulHygro instrument possesses high selectivity, short response time, and wide dynamic range, that are key requirements against trace gas measurement systems for applications in atmospheric sciences. Besides the major properties of WaSul-Hygro we discuss our efforts to develop a robust instruments that have proved its long-term reliability over the last fifteen years operating on-board a commercial aircraft within the framework of the CARIBIC project.2

instrument developmentMaterials Science (miscellaneous)BiophysicsGeneral Physics and Astronomy01 natural scienceslaw.inventiondiode laserlaw0103 physical sciencesWide dynamic rangePhysical and Theoretical Chemistry010306 general physicsairborne measurementsPhotoacoustic spectroscopyMathematical PhysicsRemote sensingSystem of measurementhumidityHumidityLaserlcsh:QC1-999Trace gasWater detectorEnvironmental sciencephotoacousticslcsh:PhysicsWater vaporFrontiers in Physics
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Measurement of the low-energy antideuteron inelastic cross section

2020

In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of $0.3 \leq p < 4$ GeV/$c$. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the GEANT4 toolkit for the propagation of antiparticles through the detector material. The analysis of th…

interaction [cosmic radiation]MOMENTUM RANGEAntiparticle:Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP]HadronGeneral Physics and AstronomyPROPAGATIONcosmic radiation: interactionhiukkasfysiikkanucl-ex01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)ALICEbenchmarknucleon nucleonHadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)antideuteronmodel: GlauberpropagationAnti-nuclei[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]ABSORPTIONAntimatter; heavy ion reactionsNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)Nuclear ExperimentNuclear Experimenthadron-hadron scatteringNuclear Physics LHC ALICEPhysicsHadron-Hadron scattering (experiments); antinuclei cross sectionsLarge Hadron Colliderp: spectrumheavy ion reactionsPhysicsspectrum [p]VDP::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431antinuclei cross sectionsanti-pddc:3. Good healthPRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika.:Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP]DEUTERONSantimateriaVDP::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431COALESCENCEAntimatterGEANTantinucleus: productionydinfysiikkaParticle Physics - ExperimentPB-PB COLLISIONSAntimatterCERN Labinterpretation of experiments: CERN LHC CollFOS: Physical sciences[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]Physics and Astronomy(all)114 Physical sciencesdark matterNuclear physicsMomentumCross section (physics)0103 physical sciencesSCATTERINGddc:530Anti-nuclei; ALICE experiment; hadron-hadron scatteringNuclear Physics - Experimentnumerical calculations010306 general physicsHE-4PB-PB COLLISIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; MOMENTUM RANGE; GEV-C; ABSORPTION; HE-4; PROPAGATION; COALESCENCE; SCATTERING; DEUTERONShep-exGlauber [model]low-energy antideuteron ; cross sectionALICE experimentparametrizationantiparticleNATURAL SCIENCES. Physics.LIGHT-NUCLEIGEV-CAntiprotonCERN LHC Coll [interpretation of experiments]Elementary Particles and FieldsHigh Energy Physics::Experimentproduction [antinucleus]Glauber
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Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations at 6–56 GeV with IceCube DeepCore

2018

We present a measurement of the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters using three years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The DeepCore infill array in the center of IceCube enables the detection and reconstruction of neutrinos produced by the interaction of cosmic rays in Earth's atmosphere at energies as low as ∼5 GeV. That energy threshold permits measurements of muon neutrino disappearance, over a range of baselines up to the diameter of the Earth, probing the same range of L/Eν as long-baseline experiments but with substantially higher-energy neutrinos. This analysis uses neutrinos from the full sky with reconstructed energies from 5.6 to 56 GeV. We measure Δm322=2.31…

interaction [cosmic radiation]Physics::Instrumentation and DetectorsSolar neutrinoGeneral Physics and Astronomy01 natural sciences7. Clean energyHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentIceCubeSubatomär fysikHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)ObservatorySubatomic PhysicsTOOLPhysicsoscillation [neutrino]Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysicsatmosphere [neutrino]threshold [energy]mass difference [neutrino]ddc:observatoryNeutrino detectorPhysique des particules élémentairesAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsNeutrinoParticle physicscosmic radiation [neutrino]acceleratorAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesddc:500.2Physics and Astronomy(all)IceCube Neutrino ObservatoryPhysics and Astronomy (all)0103 physical sciencesneutrino/muddc:530energy: high [neutrino]010306 general physicsNeutrino oscillationAstroparticle physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsICEHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyAstronomySolar neutrino problemPhysics and Astronomy13. Climate actionmass [neutrino]High Energy Physics::ExperimentSYSTEMmixing angle [neutrino]experimental resultsPhysical Review Letters
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Recent highlights from GENIE v3

2021

Funder: u.s. department of energy; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015

interaction: modelGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencespi: production01 natural sciencesprogrammingdark matterHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)0103 physical sciences[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]neutrino: scatteringGeneral Materials SciencePhysical and Theoretical Chemistry010306 general physicsnumerical calculationsneutrino: interactionneutrino nucleus: scattering010308 nuclear & particles physicsnew physicsfinal-state interactionHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics51 Physical Sciences5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
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Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

2021

The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia-the Australian Research Council; Brazil…

interaction: modelPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsAstronomyHadronGeneral Physics and AstronomyUltra-high energy cosmic rays muons properties hadronic models01 natural sciencescosmic ray; particle interaction; astroparticle detectorsAugerHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)ironsurface [detector]Observatory[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]cosmic rayPhysics4. EducationPhysicsSettore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentalemeasured [fluctuation]model [interaction]Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysicsmodel: hadronicfluctuation: measured3. Good healthAugerobservatoryparticle interactionSciences exactes et naturellesatmosphere [showers]model [particle]airCherenkov counter: waterAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaUHE [cosmic radiation]FOS: Physical sciencesCosmic raydetector: fluorescenceNuclear physicsastroparticle detectorscosmic raysmuon0103 physical sciencescalorimeterddc:53014. Life underwatercosmic radiation: UHEHigh Energy Physicsdistribution functionelectromagnetic component010306 general physicsAstrophysiquePierre Auger Observatoryfluorescence [detector]Muonshowers: atmospherehep-exdetector: surfacewater [Cherenkov counter]particle: modelSmall deviationsFísicaASTROFÍSICAAir showerExperimental High Energy PhysicsElementary Particles and Fieldshadronic [model]High Energy Physics::Experiment
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