Search results for "PIP"
showing 10 items of 1156 documents
Impaired cannabinoid receptor type 1 signaling interferes with stress-coping behavior in mice.
2007
Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system is known to interfere with emotional processing of stressful events. Here, we studied the role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) signaling in stress-coping behaviors using the forced swim test (FST) with repeated exposures. We compared effects of genetic inactivation with pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptors both in male and female mice. In addition, we investigated potential interactions of the endocannabinoid system with monoaminergic and neurotrophin systems of the brain. Naive CB1 receptor-deficient mice (CB1-/-) showed increased passive stress-coping behaviors as compared to wild-type littermates (CB1+/+) in the FST, independent of se…
Influence of nitric oxide on neurogenic contraction and relaxation of the human gastroepiploic artery.
2003
Abstract Background The objective of this study was to characterize the neurogenic contraction and relaxation of the human gastroepiploic artery and to determine whether the responses are mediated by nitric oxide (NO) from neural or endothelial origin. Methods Rings of human gastroepiploic artery were obtained from 18 patients (12 men, 6 women) undergoing gastrectomy. The rings were suspended in organ baths for isometric recording of tension. We studied the contractile and relaxant responses to electrical field stimulation. Results In arteries under resting conditions, electrical field stimulation (2 to 8 Hz) caused frequency-dependent contractions that were of greater magnitude in arteries…
Gastric Emptying in Infants with Gastroesophageal Reflux: Ultrasound Evaluation before and after Cisapride Administration
1992
The present study aimed to evaluate gastric emptying in children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) by means of real-time ultrasonography, on the basis of measurements of the cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum. Twelve children with GER were studied (seven males, five females; age range, 3-13 months) and compared with 12 normal control children (six males, six females; age range, 3-13 months). The diagnosis of GER was confirmed by 24-h esophageal pH-monitoring. The GER patients had a significantly greater antral area than the controls at 90, 105, and 120 min after eating a standard meal (cow's milk formula, 300 ml/m2 body surface area); in addition, final gastric emptying time was si…
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the rectum: Report of a case and review of literature
2008
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a rare tumour of the gastrointestinal tract which does not generally originate in the rectum. The authors describe a case of a 70-year-old man who underwent an anterior resection of the rectum for a low-risk GIST. The patient was not given adjuvant chemotherapy with imatinib and is still disease-free 30 mo after surgery. The authors conclude that although rectal GIST is extremely uncommon, it should be included in differential diagnosis when a tumour in the rectum is detected. Biopsy of the tumour is essential, since this makes it possible to reach a sure preoperative diagnosis based on the immunohistological features of the CD117 and CD34. Although…
Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characteristics and Therapeutic Implications.
2020
A large body of literature reports the higher prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to the general population. Similarly, several studies report an increased rate of Subclinical Electroencephalographic Abnormalities (SEAs) in seizure-free patients with ASD rather than healthy controls, although with varying percentages. SEAs include both several epileptiform discharges and different non-epileptiform electroencephalographic abnormalities. They are more frequently associated with lower intellectual functioning, more serious dysfunctional behaviors, and they are often sign of severer forms of autism. However, SEAs clinical implications remain controver…
Presynaptic nicotine receptors mediating a positive feed-back on transmitter release from the rat phrenic nerve.
1986
The effects of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) and of nicotine receptor antagonists on [3H]acetylcholine release from the rat phrenic nerve preincubated with [3H]choline were investigated in the absence and presence of cholinesterase inhibitors (presynaptic effects). Additionally, the effects of hexamethonium and tubocurarine on the muscle contraction of the indirectly stimulated diaphragm were examined (postsynaptic effects). DMPP (1-30 microM) increased (76-92%), whereas hexamethonium (0.001-1 mM) and tubocurarine (1-10 microM) decreased (52-60%) the release of [3H]acetylcholine following a train of 100 pulses at 5 Hz. The release caused by a longer train (750 pulses at 5 Hz) was…
Endothelin-1-induced potentiation of adrenergic responses in the rabbit pulmonary artery: role of thromboxane A(2).
2001
Abstract To examine whether low concentrations of endothelin-1 potentiate the vasocontrictor response to adrenergic stimulation, we recorded the isometric response of rings of rabbit pulmonary artery to electrical stimulation and noradrenaline. Endothelin-1 (10 −10 M) potentiated the contractions induced by electrical stimulation and noradrenaline. The endothelin ET B receptor antagonist (2,6-dimethylpiperidinecarbonyl-γ-methyl-Leu- N in -[Methoxycarbonyl]- d -Trp- d -Nle) (BQ-788, 10 −6 M), but not the endothelin ET A receptor antagonist cyclo( d -Asp-Pro- d -Val-Leu- d -TRP) (BQ-123, 10 −6 M), inhibited the potentiating effects of endothelin-1. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibit…
Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in white adipocytes
2008
OBJECTIVE—Cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor blockade decreases body weight and adiposity in obese subjects; however, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) induces mitochondrial biogenesis and function in adipocytes. This study was undertaken to test whether CB1 receptor blockade increases the espression of eNOS and mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined the effects on eNOS and mitochondrial biogenesis of selective pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptors by SR141716 (rimonabant) in mouse primary white adipocytes. We also examined eNOS expression and mitochondrial biog…
Lower self-reported depression in patients with erectile dysfunction after treatment with sildenafil
2001
Abstract Background: Depressive symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) may improve under successful ED treatment. Self-reported depressive symptoms were compared in men with ED after sildenafil treatment to a group of untreated patients. Methods: In an open study, self-reported depressive symptoms of 54 men after successful treatment with sildenafil (>4 weeks) and 51 men awaiting ED treatment were investigated with the Center of Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES–D). CES–D items were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis and group differences in CES–D items and factors were analyzed. Results: Groups were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics and illne…
Relaxant effect of sildenafil in the rabbit basilar artery
2005
We hypothesized that sildenafil, inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), interacts with the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway in the cerebral arteries and shows vasoactive effects. To prove it in the isolated rabbit basilar artery, we compared the effects of sildenafil with other PDE-5 inhibitors, assessed the endothelial dependence of the vasoactive responses, and used modulators of the cGMP and cAMP signaling processes. Sildenafil (10 nM-0.1 mM) induced concentration-dependent relaxations of endothelin-1 (10 nM)-precontracted basilar artery, which were partially inhibited both in endothelium-denuded arteries and in arteries precontracted by depolarization with KCl (50 mM). Endothelin-1 (1 …