Search results for "PLANTE"
showing 10 items of 493 documents
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de l’orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2016
Branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, is a parasitic plant which causes important yield losses in crops, particularly in winter oilseed rape in France. In order to design efficient pest management strategies, we modelled the effects of cropping systems on branched broomrape dynamics in interaction with weeds and crops in a model called PHERASYS. PHERASYS functions and parameters were based on literature and on our own experiments. The model simulates the complete life-cycle of the parasite, from seed dynamics in the soil to seed production after development on the host. Interactions between the parasite and crops and weeds were characterized at the species level and at the plan…
Services provided by soil microorganisms to improve plant phosphate nutrition
2022
Since the first Green Revolution, agricultural practices have been based on the massive use of synthetic fertilisers and plant protection products. Since then, global consumption of phosphate fertilisers has more than tripled, reaching 47 million tonnes in 2019. Current projections estimate that phosphate rock stocks (natural phosphorus resources for fertiliser production) could be depleted within the next century, leading us to change our agricultural practices. In soils, P is mainly present in complexed forms that are not easily accessible to plants. To reduce the use of phosphate fertilisers, it is necessary to make this complexed phosphate accessible to plants. This can be done by benef…
Améliorer la croissance des plantes ?
2021
Samuel Jacquiod et Manuel Blouin, du laboratoire Agroécologie, proposent une nouvelle approche basée sur la sélection des microbiotes rhizosphériques.La sélection végétale ou amélioration végétale est apparue il y a environ 10 000 ans, avec la domestication des céréales. Cette pratique, basée sur la reproduction sexuée des plantes, consiste à croiser entre eux des spécimens qui présentent des caractéristiques d’intérêts, qu’elles soient ornementales ou agronomiques (résistance aux maladies/insectes, meilleure production, qualités nutritionnelles ou gustatives). De génération en génération, les plantes descendantes sont sélectionnées jusqu’à obtention d’une nouvelle variété ayant fixée les c…
Rôle de la membrane plasmique dans les mécanismes de défense des plantes 2013
2021
National audience; Le développement d’une méthode d’imagerie innovante a permis de montrer que la membrane qui entoure les cellules végétales est composée d’une multitude de petits territoires présentant des états physiques variés. L’organisation globale et locale de cette membrane est modifiée de façon très rapide lorsque la cellule détecte des microorganismes, établissant un lien fonctionnel entre cette organisation et la mise en place de mécanismes de défense. 13 10 ans de recherche SPE Les plantes sont confrontées en permanence à des attaques de champignons, bactéries ou autres parasites, et développent des réponses adaptatives qui conditionnent leur survie. Certaines molécules produite…
I-Weed robot : un outil pour l'étude de population de plantes adventices
2016
The I-Weed robot is a small autonomous platform that aims to characterize the vegetation in an inter-row maize crop for a spot spraying: spraying is done only where a weed is detected. This article presents how the robot works and aims to experimentally evaluate the ability to map weeds from a WeedSeeker system (Trimble) embedded on the I-Weed robot. The results are compared to those from an imaging system, used as ground truth. After analyzing a confusion matrix, it reveals that the system is able to correctly geotag plants at 75 % and is ready for a spot spraying.
Réponses des cellules de Nicotiana tabacum à des molécules microbiennes : évènements de signalisation précoce, influence de la dynamique membranaire …
2018
Responses of Nicotiana tabacum cells to microbial molecule treatments: early signaling events,influence of membrane dynamics, and sugar fluxesIn their natural environment plants are in close interaction with beneficial, neutral, or pathogenicmicrobes, which are highly dependent on carbon resources exuded by plant roots. Sugar transport, which isa key process of plant physiology, is essential to support the fate of plant-microbe interactions. Duringevolution, plants have acquired the ability to perceive microbial molecules, initiating specific signaltransduction cascades and leading to adapted response for microbe lifestyles (avirulent, virulent, or benefic).Plant survival will depend on the…
Copper binding capacity of root exudates of cultivated plants and associated weeds
2001
International audience; Cu binding to root exudates of two cultivated plants, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rape (Brassica napus), and two weeds associated with wheat, dog daisy (Matricaria inodora) and cornflower (Centaurea cyanus), was studied in vitro under hydroponic and sterile conditions. Nutrient solutions were prepared with or without P. A MetPLATE microbiological test was used to assess the metal complexing capacity of root exudates. In the P-deficient solutions, no exudation was observed for any of the four plants; consequently, no Cu binding occurred. When P was present in the nutrient solutions, the plant exudates displayed differing abilities to complex Cu. No difference was de…
The Largest Subunit of RNA Polymerase II as a New Marker Gene to Study Assemblages of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Field
2014
Due to the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) to improve plant growth and soil quality, the influence of agricultural practice on their diversity continues to be an important research question. Up to now studies of community diversity in AMF have exclusively been based on nuclear ribosomal gene regions, which in AMF show high intra-organism polymorphism, seriously complicating interpretation of these data. We designed specific PCR primers for 454 sequencing of a region of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene, and established a new reference dataset comprising all major AMF lineages. This gene is known to be monomorphic within fungal isolates but shows an…
Archäobotanik der keltischen und römischen Zeit im linksrheinischen Gebiet
2019
Catalogue de l'exposition au parc archéologique de Belginum, du 12 mai au 3 novembre 2019; International audience
Ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise : une enquête sur son passé
2006
National audience