Search results for "PLC"
showing 10 items of 242 documents
Reconfigurable control of robotized manufacturing cells
2007
This paper investigates the field of manufacturing system control. The addressed subject is indeed very fascinating, due to the importance that it has reached in the last decades both at research and industrial level. On the other hand, it seems to the author that most of the complexity intrinsic to the subject itself relies on the different meanings or levels of abstraction that both the terms ''manufacturing system'' and ''control'' may symbolize. The presented research aims to face the topic in a concrete fashion, i.e., by developing a control software system for a specific, although easy to be generalized, robotized manufacturing cell. Two different development methodologies, from the c…
A New Solution for Low-Voltage Distributed Generation Interface Protection System
2015
In this paper, a new solution is proposed for the remote monitoring and control of distributed generators (DGs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) connected to low-voltage distribution networks. The proposed system fulfills the in-force standard requirements for the connection of DGs to the utility grid. Moreover, it allows implementing some enhanced functions for the remote control of inverters of DGs and ESSs, not only in terms of disconnection but also in terms of voltage regulation and power shuttering. The proposed solution is based on a new interface protection system and a dedicated secondary substation concentrator, which allows the communication between the distributed system operat…
Oxidation of diclofenac in the presence of iron(II) octacarboxyphthalocyanine
2021
Abstract This paper presents the results of the research on the influence of catalytic activity of iron(II) octacarboxyphthalocyanines (FePcOC) on the transformation of diclofenac (DCF) which is the most popular anti-inflammatory analgesic. Diclofenac poses a serious threat to the natural environment. The paper demonstrates that diclofenac, in the presence a monomeric form of iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) (from H2O2), undergoes a transformation into diclofenac-2,5-iminoquinone (DCF-2,5-IQ), causing distinct changes in the UV–Vis absorption spectrum. In the presence of iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine and H2O2, the previously colourless diclofenac solution becomes …
OVERVIEW OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR FATTY AND RESIN ACIDS IN THE PAPERMAKING PROCESS
2012
This review describes the role of wood extractives, especially fatty and resin acids, in papermaking, as well as the importance of their removal from process waters. One of the main aims is also to illustrate versatile analysis methods for this purpose and highlight recent developments in corresponding applications. Most of the current methods require time-consuming and laborious sample pretreatment procedures prior to gas chromatography coupled either with flame ionization or mass selective detection. However, some faster, even online techniques with minimum sample pretreatment, are also available, mainly including high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The …
Genetic and phytochemical difference between some Indian and Italian plants of Whitania somnifera (L.) Dunal
2007
The geographical distribution of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is quite wide. However, in Italy. this species is very rare and grows spontaneously only in Sicily and in Sardinia. The PCR-RAPD technique has been utilized in this work to determine the genetic relationship among Sicilian, Sardinian and Indian samples and the HPLC analysis of whitaferin A was used as a marker to evaluate the phytochemical differences. The genetic difference between Indian and Sicilian plants of W. somnifera turned out to be smaller than that between Indian and Sardinian plants of this species. The phytochemical analysis as well showed that the Sardinian specimen strongly differed from the Indian and Sicilian on…
Creating an ethernet communication between a Simatic S7-1200 PLC and Arduino Mega for an omnidirectional mobile platform and industrial equipment
2020
Abstract The degree of automation in the industry increases more and more every year, trying to reduce more and more or even eliminate the collaboration with the human operator. The basis of all automatic industrial equipment is PLCs. This paper presents a method of extending the number of inputs and outputs of a Siemens Simatic S7-1200 PLC, using an Arduino Mega development board and an Ethernet communication. Following the realization of this communication, the number of inputs and outputs will increase considerably, being able to connect various sensors used for the construction of an omnidirectional mobile platform, but also for equipment for industry. The advantages of using this commu…
Sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples using monolithic capillary solid-phase extraction and on-line thermal de…
2011
A methacrylate-based monolithic capillary column has been evaluated for the preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from environmental water samples. For this purpose, the monolyte was in situ synthesized in a 6cm×0.32mm id fused-silica capillary. The microextraction unit was fitted to a micro-HPLC pump to pass 10mL of sample. The isolated pollutants were eluted by means of 10μL of methanol, the organic phase being directly collected in a specific interface that can be fitted to the injection port of the gas chromatograph without modification. The interface allows the on-line thermal desorption of the PAHs, avoiding the dilution and providing enough sensitivity to reach …
Study of chemical changes produced in virgin olive oils with different phenolic contents during an accelerated storage treatment.
2009
Chemical changes produced in an extra virgin olive oil sample in the presence (EVOO) and absence (EVOOP) of its phenolic fraction during an accelerated storage treatment at 60 degrees C up to 7 weeks were studied. Modifications in phenol content, as well as changes in several quality parameters (free acidity, peroxide value, UV absorbance, fatty acid composition, oxidative stability index, and tocopherol content) were also evaluated under the same storage conditions and compared to those of the same sample deprived of phenolic compounds. When the phenolic extract of the EVOO was studied, a decrease of the antioxidants first present in the sample and an increase of the oxidized products were…
Chromatographically separable rotamers of an unhindered amide
2014
Surprisingly stable formamide rotamers were encountered in the tetrahydroisoquinoline and morphinan series of alkaloids. We investigated the hindered rotation around the amide bond by dynamic high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and kinetic measurements of the interconversion of the rotamers which can readily be separated by HPLC as well as TLC. The experimental results of the different methods were compared to each other as well as to results obtained by DFT calculations.
Antifungal effects of the bioactive compounds enniatins A, A1, B, B1
2010
To produce enniatin (ENs), Fusarium tricinctum CECT 20150 was grown in a liquid medium of potato (PDB), being mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reverse phase semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water using gradient condition. The purity of the ENs fractions was verified by analytical HPLC and LC/MS-MS. The pure fractions of ENs were utilized to study the biological activity on several mycotoxigenic moulds as Fusarium verticilloides, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Asp…