Search results for "PLE"

Investigating Syntactic Complexity in EFL Learners' Writing across Common European Framework of Reference Levels A1, A2, and B1

2019

Abstract The study investigates the linguistic basis of Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) levels in English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ writing. Specifically, it examines whether CEFR levels can be distinguished with reference to syntactic complexity (SC) and whether the results differ between two groups of EFL learners with different first languages (Sindhi and Finnish). This sheds light on the linguistic comparability of the CEFR levels across L1 groups. Informants were teenagers from Pakistan (N = 868) and Finland (N = 287) who wrote the same argumentative essay that was rated on a CEFR-based scale. The essays were analysed for 28 SC indices with the L2 Syntactic Co…

Conjunctions and syntactic complexity: Development of the use of conjunctions in written learner Finnish

2022

Kielitaidon kehittymistä voidaan tutkia mittaamalla oppijankielen sujuvuutta, tarkkuutta ja kompleksisuutta. Kompleksisuus voidaan määritellä oppijankielen monipuolisuudeksi ja kehittyneisyydeksi, mutta syntaktista kompleksisuutta on kansainvälisessä toisen kielen oppimisen tutkimuksessa tyypillisesti mitattu alisteisiin lauserakenteisiin perustuvilla kvantitatiivisilla mittareilla. Tässä artikkelissa syntaktisen kompleksisuuden kehitystä tutkitaan tarkastelemalla rinnastus- ja alistuskonjunktioiden käyttöä suomi toisena kielenä -teksteissä Eurooppalaisen viitekehyksen eri taitotasoilla. Aineistona käytetään Jyväskylän yliopiston Cefling-hankkeen oppijansuomen korpuksen tekstejä. Rinnasteis…

Subject-verb agreement of finite verbs in the present tense in written productions of Finnish secondary school learners of English as second language

2012

Subjektin ja verbin välinen kongruenssi on englannin kieliopin perusasioita, joka toimii tiettyjen säännön-alaisuuksien mukaisesti. Ilmiö on kuitenkin kiinnostava, sillä jopa edistyneetkin oppijat tekevät konguenssin tuottamisessa virheitä. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että muun muassa subjektin kompleksisuudella ja semanttisilla piirteillä on vaikutusta kongruenssin hallintaan. Aiemmat tutkimukset eivät kuitenkaan ole ottaneet huomioon oppijoiden taitotasoja ja mahdollisia eroja kongruenssin tuottamisessa eri taitotasojen välillä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten yläkoulu-ikäisten taitotasoeroilla on vaikutusta kongruenssin tuottamiseen englannin kielessä. Tutkim…

The link of a finitely determined map germ from R 2 to R 2

2010

Let f: (R2, 0) → (R2, 0) be a finitely determined map germ. The link of f is obtained by taking a small enough representative f: U ⊂ R2 → R2 and the intersection of its image with a small enough sphere Sε1 centered at the origin in R2. We will describe the topology of f in terms of the Gauss word associated to its link.

Il problema della definizione della "illiceità"della mediazione nel nuovo reato di traffico di influenze illecite

2022

Le modifiche apportate al delitto di traffico d’influenze illecite ad opera della legge n. 3/2019 hanno accentuato il deficit di determinatezza che già caratterizzava la fattispecie sin dalla sua introduzione, delineando un modello di incriminazione incapace di selezionare le condotte di intermediazione penalmente rilevanti distinguendole dalla attività di lobbying consentita. Il lavoro analizza la specifica questione dell’interpretazione del predicato di “illiceità” della mediazione esaminando le diverse tesi proposte in dottrina e in giurisprudenza. Conclusivamente, l’Autore ritiene che l’interpretazione restrittiva dell’art. 346-bis c.p., che inquadra la fattispecie come delitto “avampos…

Crystal structure of trans-di­chlorido­(4-nitro­aniline-κN 1)(piperidine-κN)platinum(II)

2015

The packing of the title compound features N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions, which form one-dimensional chains of mol­ecules parallel to [001] further linked via N—H⋯O inter­actions.

The Equiangular Compass

2012

Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs Contribute to the Osteogenic Inhibition of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma

2020

Osteolytic bone disease is the major complication associated with the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of MM-associated bone disease by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, we investigated a correlation between the EV-mediated osteogenic inhibition and MM vesicle content, focusing on miRNAs. By the use of a MicroRNA Card, we identified a pool of miRNAs, highly expressed in EVs, from MM cell line (MM1.S EVs), expression of which was confirmed in EVs from bone marrow (BM) plasma of patients affected by smoldering myeloma (SMM) and MM. Notably,we found that miR-129-5p, whic…

The Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation on Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Neurophysiological Assessment

2019

Background: Central neuropathic pain represents one of the most common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and it seriously affects quality of life. Spinal mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain in MS. Converging evidence from animal models and neurophysiological and clinical studies in humans suggests a potential effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tc-DCS) on neuropathic pain. Spinal application of DCS, i.e., transcutaneous spinal DCS (ts-DCS), may modulate nociception through inhibition of spinal reflexes. Therefore, ts-DCS could represents an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment for neuropathic pain in MS, a largely unexplored topic. This…

Formation en médecine d'urgence: évaluation d'un transfert d'apprentissage sur simulateur de patient pleine échelle

2011

International audience; Les travaux portant sur l’apprentissage grâce à la simulation pleine échelle en médecine sont rares car nécessitant des investissements humains et financiers importants. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur le nombre de séance de formation sur simulateur pleine échelle nécessaire à la mesure d’un transfert d’apprentissage ainsi que l’impact du niveau de complexité des cas vus en formation sur ce transfert d’apprentissage. Nous montrons qu’il est nécessaire de s’entraîner au minimum trois fois sur le simulateur pour permettre un apprentissage objectivement mesurable. En outre, le transfert d’apprentissage est plus important lorsqu’il se fait à partir de situations de référ…