Search results for "PLUS"

Behavioral effects of different enriched environments in mice treated with the cholinergic agonist PNU-282987.

2013

Abstract Environmental enrichment is an experimental model in which rodents are housed in complex environments that favor lower levels of anxiety-like behavior. PNU-282987 (PNU) is a α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with beneficial effects on learning though its effects on anxiety are unclear. Our main aim was to carry out a study of its effects in NMRI ( n  = 96) mice reared in different environments: environmental enrichment (EE), Marlau™ cages (MC) and standard environment (SE). After a 4-month period, mice received acute treatment of PNU (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board (HB). In the EPM, both EE and MC reared mice showed …

Multivariate analysis of the behavioral responses of rodents studied by means of different anxiety-inducing tests

TEACHING TO USE IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED SKILLS

2016

Goal of the research is to analyse how students currently succeed in using basic skills acquired in mathematics, in science and real-life contexts, before new reforms in Latvia for the development of students' competence have been started. Only about 20% of students in the national testing for 9th grade were able to do it. The research analysed students’ papers, results, and study aids, as well as teacher performance in lessons.

Robust Transmit Beamforming for Underlay D2D Communications on Multiple Channels

2020

Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communications lead to improvement in spectral efficiency by simultaneously allowing direct communication between the users and the existing cellular transmission. However, most works in resource allocation for D2D communication have considered single antenna transmission and with a focus on perfect channel state information (CSI). This work formulates a robust transmit beamforming design problem for maximizing the aggregate rate of all D2D pairs and cellular users (CUs). Assuming complex Gaussian distributed CSI error, our formulation guarantees probabilistically a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) above a specified threshold. In addition, we al…

Reliable Underlay D2D Communications over Multiple Transmit Antenna Framework

2020

Robust beamforming is an efficient technique to guarantee the desired receiver performance in the presence of erroneous channel state information (CSI). However, the application of robust beamforming in underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication still requires further investigation. In this paper, we investigate resource allocation problem for underlay D2D communications by considering multiple antennas at the base station (BS) and at the transmitters of D2D pairs. The proposed design problem aims at maximizing the aggregate rate of all D2D pairs and cellular users (CUs) in downlink spectrum. In addition, our objective is augmented to achieve a fair allocation of resources across the D2D…

Evaluation of the Impact of Multipath Data Dispersion for Anonymous TCP Connections

2007

Despite recent research efforts, wireless ad hoc networking technology remains especially prone to security attacks. In this work our contribution focuses on determining the optimal trade-off between traffic dispersion and TCP performance to reduce the chances of successful eavesdropping, while maintaining acceptable levels of throughput. For our experiments we propose a multipath-enhanced version of DSR, and we compare Tahoe, Reno and Sack TCP variants. Results show that multipath traffic dispersion impact on TCP throughput is bounded to a maximum of 25-35%, and that there is only a minimal dependence on the number of routes used, the number of consecutive packets sent on each route, the r…

Adaptive Low Priority Packet Marking for Better TCP Performance

2003

This paper proposes a packet marking scheme for TCP traffic. Unlike previous literature work, in our scheme the majority of TCP packets are transmitted as high priority. The role of a low priority packet appears that of a probe, whose goal is to early discover network congestion conditions. Low priority packets are marked according to an adaptive marking algorithm. Numerical results show that our scheme provides improved throughput/delay performance.

A new Diplura species from Georgia caves, Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) imereti (Diplura, Campodeidae), with morphological and molecular data

2021

A new dipluran species, Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov., from the deep zone in three caves in the Imereti region, Georgia, is described. This new troglobitic Plusiocampa is an addition to four others known Diplura from around the Black Sea region, two Dydimocampa and two Plusiocampa s. str. The present study also provides the first CO1 sequences for the Plusiocampinae taxa and the first molecular data for cave-dwelling Plusiocampa species. Although bootstrap values were low, the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree grouped Plusiocampa (P.) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov. with two Plusiocampa s. str. species from Eastern Europe. Morphologically, P. (P.…

Clinical outcomes with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or lenvatinib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter real-world study

2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare response rates of lenvatinib and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, in first-line real-world setting. Methods: Overall cohort included Western and Eastern hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient populations from 46 centres in 4 countries (Italy, Germany, Japan, and Republic of Korea). Results: 1312 patients were treated with lenvatinib, and 823 patients were treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Objective response rate (ORR) was 38.6% for patients receiving lenvatinib, and 27.3% for patients receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (p < 0.01; odds ratio 0.60). For patients who achieved complete response (CR), overall survival (OS) was not …

The Economic Impact of Restricted Water Supply: a Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

2007

Water problems are typically studied at the level of the river catchment. About 70% of all water is used for agriculture, and agricultural products are traded internationally. A full understanding of water use is impossible without understanding the international market for food and related products, such as textiles. The water embedded in commodities is called virtual water. Based on a general equilibrium model, we offer a method for investigating the role of water resources and water scarcity in the context of international trade. We run five alternative scenarios, analyzing the effects of water scarcity due to reduced availability of groundwater. This can be a consequence of physical con…