Search results for "POLLUTANTs"
showing 10 items of 1125 documents
Chemical and biochemical responses to sub−lethal doses of mercury and cadmium in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
2022
Specimens of Sparus aurata were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Hg and Cd for 25 days and the levels of both metals were investigated in organs and tissues. Bioaccumulation of Hg decreased as follow: gills > kidney > liver > skin > muscle, while the order of Cd bioaccumulation was: liver > kidney > gills > skin > muscle. Immediately after exposure, both metals showed the highest bioaccumulation in gills and skin indicating that these organs are reliable targets for biomonitoring studies after short term exposure. Metals introduction caused a significant time-dependent concentrations increase in kidney and liver, while in the muscle a significant in-crease of …
Attenuated Carbohydrate and Gill Na+ , K+-ATPase Stress Responses in Whitefish Caged near Bleached Kraft Mill Discharges
2002
Exposure to biologically treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) is demonstrated to greatly modify the acute physiological stress response in fish and, accordingly, to lead to inconsistencies in data interpretation due to dissimilar effects of handling procedures on reference and exposed fish. To consider this phenomenon, juvenile whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) were caged for 30 days in four reference sites and in three areas influenced by different BKME discharges. After exposure, fish were subjected to the impacts of low-level handling by raising the cages to the water surface, serially handnetting the fish, and transferring ( approximately 10 min) the submerged cages to the research…
Induction of apoptosis in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis by tri-n-butyltin chloride
2001
Induction of apoptosis by tri-n-butyltin (TBT) in gill tissue of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was investigated. The terminal dUTP nick-end labeling technique (TUNEL) was used to detect cells displaying DNA fragmentation within gill structures. Genomic DNA fragmentation was detected as characteristically ladder-like pattern of DNA fragments induced by single injection of different doses of TBT (1-5 microg/g) below the mantle, directly into the pallial fluid, after 24 h of incubation. DNA degradation of higher order DNA structure, as well as reduced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle region (the sub-G(1) region) was detectable after 1.5 h of TBT incubation. Presence of apoptotic cells in mussels' g…
Inhibition of Gill Na+,K+-ATPase Activity in the Eel,Anguilla anguilla,by Fenitrothion
1998
European eels (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to sublethal fenitrothion concentrations (0.02 and 0.04 mg/liter) in a continuous flow-through system for 4 days. Gill Mg2+- and Na+,K+-ATPase activities were evaluated after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h of pesticide exposure. Results indicated that ATPase activity in gill tissue decreased as concentration of fenitrothion increased. Pesticide induced significant inhibitory effects on the Na+, K+-ATPase activity of A. anguilla, ranging from >56% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.02 ppm to >73% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.04 ppm. Eels were exposed to both fenitrothion concentrations for 96 h and then allowed …
Hepatic and branchial xenobiotic biomarker responses in Solea spp. from several NW Mediterranean fishing grounds
2015
9 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach.
2008
Epidermal papillomatosis in fish has been proposed as an indicator of environmental stress but experimental evidence of connection between contaminants and papillomatosis in fish is scarce. We studied changes in the intensity of epidermal papillomatosis and the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in roach, Rutilus rutilus, exposed to treated pulp mill and municipal effluents. In male roach, the increase in papillomatosis intensity was higher in fish exposed to 15% than in fish exposed to 1.5% concentration of municipal effluent. No differences were observed in papillomatosis development in females, or in HSP70 expression. In all the experiments conducted, the increasing effect of ef…
Eel ATPase activity as biomarker of thiobencarb exposure
2003
Abstract European eels ( Anguilla anguilla ) were exposed to a sublethal thiobencarb concentration of 0.22 mg/L in a flow-through system for 96 h. Mg 2+ and Na + –K + adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were evaluated in gill and muscle tissues at 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of thiobencarb exposure. Gill ATPase activities were rapidly inhibited from 2 h of contact onward. Highest inhibition was registered for Na + , K + -ATPase (85%) from 2 to 12 h. Both Mg 2+ and total ATPase were inhibited (>73%) during the first hours of toxicant exposure. At the end of the exposure period (96 h) ATPase activities were still different from those of the controls (>50%). Significant inhibition was…
Effects of primary- and secondary-treated bleached kraft mill effluents on the immune system and physiological parameters of roach.
2000
The present study was designed to examine, whether, effluents from a modern pulp and paper mill using elemental chlorine-free/total chlorine-free (ECF/TCF) bleaching, exert effects on the immune system of fish and, in addition, to relate these findings to physiological parameters known to be affected by bleached kraft-mill effluents (BKME). Roach (Rutilus rutilus) were exposed in laboratory conditions to primary- or secondary-treated effluent from a pulp and paper mill. In order to study their capability to respond to foreign antigens they were immunised with bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) prior to exposure. The number of anti-BGG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and the number of immunoglobulin…
DNA damage and apoptosis in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
2002
The effects of known genotoxic substances (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, benzo[a]pyrene, teniposide, etoposide, cycloheximide, tributyltin) on human cells (FLC, HL-60) and on mussels were investigated. The correlations between formation of DNA strand breaks and DNA fragmentation characteristic for the process of apoptosis were estimated. Strand breaks induced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and benzo[a]pyrene did not correlate with DNA fragmentation detected in the process of apoptosis. Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells was initiated by teniposide, etoposide and tributyltin, while in the gills of mussels this was detected only with tributyltin. Levels of DNA strand brea…
The effect of time on physiological changes in eel Anguilla anguilla, induced by lindane.
1991
Abstract 1. 1. Eel were exposed to a sublethal concentration of lindane (0.335 ppm) for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. 2. 2. Concentrations of glycogen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate and lipids were determined in gill tissue after lindane exposure. 3. 3. Gill glycogen descreased and glucose levels increased at 6 hr of treatment, lactate and pyruvate concentration increased between 6 and 48 hr. Total lipid values decreased between 6 and 24 hr; thereafter, the levels increased up to 72 hr of exposure. 4. 4. Clear changes were found in all parameters tested in gill tissues. The observed effects of lindane on metabolism in fish are discussed in relation to acute stress syndrome.