Search results for "POLLUTION"
showing 10 items of 2765 documents
Biomonitoring of bisphenols A, F, S in human milk and probabilistic risk assessment for breastfed infants
2019
The present study addresses the presence of bisphenols A (BPA) and its analogs bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) in milk of 120 mothers living in Valencia (Spain) and participating in the BETTERMILK project (year 2015). We also studied the factors that could influence the BPA levels and estimated the exposure and the risk for breast fed infants. The frequency of detection of total (conjugated + unconjugated) and unconjugated-BPA were 83% and 77%. with a geometric mean of 0.29 ng/mL and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The frequency of detection was much lower for total-BPF (22%) and total-BPS (1.1%). The place of residence of the mother and the use of personal care products showed significant associat…
Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth: A Spanish multicenter birth cohort study
2016
Background and objective: Preterm birth is a major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Air pollution has been suggested as a risk factor for preterm delivery; however, the scientific evidence on this impact remains inconsistent. We assessed the association between residential exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth (gestational age at delivery <37 weeks) in Spain. Methods: This study was based on 2409 pregnant women participating in the INMA birth cohorts in Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia. Ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene were estimated for each woman's residence for each trimester and for the whole pregnancy, using temporally a…
Whole blood selenium content in pregnant women
1999
The selenium content in the blood of pregnant women in the Valencian Community, Spain was determined until the end of gestation in order to assess its evolution and detect possible differences in relation to the values corresponding to non-pregnant women of fertile age. A total of 158 blood samples were obtained from 137 pregnant women. Samples were classified as: (a) first; (b) second; and (c) third trimester. Selenium was determined by a flow injection hydride atomic absorption spectrometric method (Seronorm whole blood was used as a quality control check). The selenium values obtained for the three trimesters followed a Gaussian distribution. The intervals for mean found were: (a) 75.7-8…
Social factors associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure during pregnancy: The INMA-Valencia project in Spain
2011
Numerous studies have focused on the effects of exposure to air pollution on health: however, certain subsets of the population tend to be more exposed to such pollutants depending on their social or demographic characteristics. In addition, exposure to toxicants during pregnancy may play a deleterious role in fetal development as fetuses are especially vulnerable to external insults. The present study was carried out within the framework of the INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente or Childhood and the Environment) multicenter cohort study with the objective of identifying the social, demographic, and lifestyle factors associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure in the subjects in the cohort…
Preterm birth and exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy.
2010
Background Research has shown that prenatal exposure to air pollutants may have a detrimental effect on fetal development with the strength of the relationship depending on the effect being studied The evidence to date however is insufficient to establish a direct causal link between such exposure and preterm delivery This study evaluates the specific effect of prenatal exposure to NO2 and benzene on preterm births Methods The population under study comprised 785 pregnant women who formed part of the INMA cohort in Valencia Spain (2003-2005) Multiple regression models were used for mapping outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene levels throughout the area Individual exposure was assigned…
Concentrations, optical properties and sources of humic-like substances (HULIS) in fine particulate matter in Xi'an, Northwest China
2021
Humic-like substances (HULIS) are ubiquitous in the atmospheric environment, which affects both human health and climate. We present here the mass concentration and optical characteristics of HULIS isolated from aerosol samples collected in Xi'an, China. Both mass concentration and absorption coefficient (Abs365) of HULIS show clear seasonal differences, with the highest average in winter (3.91 μgC m-3 and 4.78 M m-1, respectively) and the lowest in summer (0.65 μgC m-3 and 0.55 M m-1, respectively). The sources of HULIS_C and light absorption of HULIS were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) and four major sources were resolved, including secondary formation, biomass burning, c…
Airborne bio-aerosols and noise in a dry waste treatment plant in Pietarsaari, Finland
2001
Ewapower Ltd in Pietarsaari, Finland produces pellets from paper and plastic waste for burning. During 1998 and 1999, several measurements were made to determine the dust, particle, microbe and endotoxin concentrations, and also the noise level in the hall where the waste is received and pre-crushed. The noise level exceeded the Finnish recommended level of 85 dBA. The dust and the particle concentrations were low, but the microbe concentrations, especially in the summer and in the autumn, were at a level which may be harmful to health. The total concentration of microbes (both dead and alive) was high - approximately 4.8 million particles m-3. The concentrations of endotoxins was high in …
A Comparative Analysis of Aerosol Microphysical, Optical and Radiative Properties during the Spring Festival Holiday over Beijing and Surrounding Reg…
2018
ABSTRACT Using ground-based data, meteorological observations, and atmospheric environmental monitoring data, a comparative analysis of the microphysical and optical properties, and radiative forcing of aerosols was conducted between three stations in different developed environments during a severe air pollution episode during the Spring Festival over Beijing. During the most polluted period, the daily peak values of the aerosol optical depth were ~1.62, ~1.73, and ~0.74, which were about 2.6, 2.9, and 2.1 times higher than the background levels at the CAMS, Xianghe, and Shangdianzi sites, respectively. The daily peak values of the single scattering albedo were ~0.95, ~0.96, and ~0.87. The…
Cytogenetic effects of promutagens in genetically engineered V79 Chinese hamster cells expressing cytochromes P450.
1993
Abstract V79 Chinese hamster cell lines genetically engineered to express rat CYP2B1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and their parental cell lines V79-MZ, without acetyltransferase, and V79-NH, with acetyltransferase, were studied for chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange induced by aflatoxin B 1 , cyclophosphamide, benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and dimethylnitrosamine. The parental V79 cell lines did not show clastogenic effects. Significant clastogenic effects were observed after an 18 h exposure to aflatoxin B 1 and cyclophosphamide in CYP2B1 expressing cells, to benzo[a]pyrene in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expressing cells, to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and dimethylnitrosami…
An agent-based model to support the preliminary design and operation of heating and power grids with cogeneration units and photovoltaic panels in de…
2022
The increase in the energy demands of residential neighborhoods constitutes a huge challenge to be faced. A viable option lies in the insertion of both renewable energy production systems and cogeneration units within urban territories. On-site production allows for the satisfaction of the heating and electrical demands of end-users and favors the distribution of produced energy within the neighborhood, especially under the regulatory framework of energy communities. This paper proposes a tool to model heating and electricity networks integrated with cogeneration units and PV panels installed in urban areas. The tool accounts for the following possibilities: (i) energy flow management and p…