Search results for "POPULATION"
showing 10 items of 9945 documents
Human CD4 T-Cells With a Naive Phenotype Produce Multiple Cytokines During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection and Correlate With Active Disease
2018
T-cell-mediated immune responses play a fundamental role in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection, and traditionally, this response is thought to be mediated by Th1-type CD4+ T-cells secreting IFN-γ. While studying the function and specificity of M. tuberculosis-reactive CD4+ T-cells in more detail at the single cell level; however, we found a human CD4+ T-cell population with a naive phenotype that interestingly was capable of producing multiple cytokines (TCNP cells). CD4+ TCNP cells phenotyped as CD95lo CD28int CD49dhi CXCR3hi and showed a broad distribution of T cell receptor Vβ segments. They rapidly secreted multiple cytokines in response to different M. t…
Taste receptors, innate immunity and longevity: the case of TAS2R16 gene
2019
Abstract Background Innate immunity utilizes components of sensory signal transduction such as bitter and sweet taste receptors. In fact, empirical evidence has shown bitter and sweet taste receptors to be an integral component of antimicrobial immune response in upper respiratory tract infections. Since an efficient immune response plays a key role in the attainment of longevity, it is not surprising that the rs978739 polymorphism of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R16 gene has been shown to be associated with longevity in a population of 941 individuals ranging in age from 20 to 106 years from Calabria (Italy). There are many possible candidate genes for human longevity, however of the many…
Editorial: Current concepts of cellular and biological drugs to modulate regulatory T cell activity in the clinic
2016
The Editorial on the Research Topic Current Concepts of Cellular and Biological Drugs to Modulate Regulatory T Cell Activity in the Clinic Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and prevent the development of autoimmunity and allergy. While on the one hand being indispensable for the perpetuation of tolerance to harmless antigens or self-antigens, Treg cells contribute to cancer pathogenesis and progression (1). Hence, the potential to treat a multitude of different human diseases by pharmacological modulation of Treg cells is enormous. Consequently, this T cell population is in the focus of biomedical research and development. Currently, isolate…
mRNA-Based Vaccines
2021
Increases in the world’s population and population density promote the spread of emerging pathogens. Vaccines are the most cost-effective means of preventing this spread. Traditional methods used to identify and produce new vaccines are not adequate, in most instances, to ensure global protection. New technologies are urgently needed to expedite large scale vaccine development. mRNA-based vaccines promise to meet this need. mRNA-based vaccines exhibit a number of potential advantages relative to conventional vaccines, namely they (1) involve neither infectious elements nor a risk of stable integration into the host cell genome; (2) generate humoral and cell-mediated immunity; (3) are well-t…
Dinosaurs, chameleons, humans, and evo-devo path: linking Étienne Geoffroy's teratology, Waddington's homeorhesis, Alberch's logic of "monsters," and…
2017
23 pages; International audience; Since the rise of evo-devo (evolutionary developmental biology) in the 1980s, few authors have attempted to combine the increasing knowledge obtained from the study of model organisms and human medicine with data from comparative anatomy and evolutionary biology in order to investigate the links between development, pathology, and macroevolution. Fortunately, this situation is slowly changing, with a renewed interest in evolutionary developmental pathology (evo-devo-path) in the past decades, as evidenced by the idea to publish this special, and very timely, issue on "Developmental Evolution in Biomedical Research." As all of us have recently been involved,…
Trans-oceanic genomic divergence of Atlantic cod ecotypes is associated with large inversions
2017
Chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions can play a crucial role in maintaining polymorphism underlying complex traits and contribute to the process of speciation. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), inversions of several megabases have been identified that dominate genomic differentiation between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes in the Northeast Atlantic. Here, we show that the same genomic regions display elevated divergence and contribute to ecotype divergence in the Northwest Atlantic as well. The occurrence of these inversions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean reveals a common evolutionary origin, predating the >100 000-year-old trans-Atlantic separation of Atlantic cod. The long…
A novel rationale for targeting FXI: Insights from the hemostatic microRNA targetome for emerging anticoagulant strategies
2021
Therapeutic targeting of blood coagulation is a challenging task as it interferes with the delicate balance of pro- and anticoagulant activities. Anticoagulants are employed in millions of thrombophilic patients worldwide each year. The treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism has changed drastically. Traditional vitamin K antagonists are being replaced by direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which selectively target coagulation factors Xa or IIa. However for a growing population with comorbidities satisfying therapeutic options are still lacking and the quest for novel therapeutics continues. Recently, targeting factors XI or XII have emerged as new therapeutic strategies. As thes…
Saccharomyces boulardii to Prevent Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
2015
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is an important clinical problem, associated with morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Our randomized, placebo controlled multicenter trial do not support the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Burden of Disease in PWH Harboring a Multidrug-Resistant Virus: Data from the PRESTIGIO Registry
2020
AbstractBackgroundCurrently, no data are available on the burden of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV-1 (PWH) harboring a 4-class drug-resistant (4DR) virus (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase strand transfer inhibitors). The study aimed to assess the incidence of clinical events and death in this population.MethodsThis was a cohort study on PWH from the PRESTIGIO Registry with a documented 4DR virus. Burden of disease was defined as the occurrence of any new event including an AIDS-defining event (ADE) or non-AIDS-defining event (NADE) or death from any cause after 4DR evidence (baseline). Co…
Adherence to dietary treatment and clinical factors associated with anti-transglutaminase antibodies in celiac disease during the follow-up
2021
Introduction In clinical practice, celiac disease (CD) is monitored through anti-transglutaminase (TGA-IgA) antibody levels. The normalization of serum levels in successive periodic measurements indicates good response and adherence to dietary treatment. Objectives To evaluate the factors associated with the evolution of TGA-IgA antibodies and their association with dietary non-compliance and diseases related to CD. Methods This prospective observational study was carried out in 254 participants, who were recruited from patients from a hospital in southern Spain. Information about sex, age, serological test results, HLA DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes, mucosal atrophy, gastrointestinal and extra-intesti…